Gene-Hormone-Environment Interactions in the Regulation of Aggressive Responses: Elegant Analysis of Complex Behavior
Donald Pfaff1* and
Rae Silver2,3,4*
1Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
2Department of Psychology, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA.
3Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
4Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Abstract:
Photoperiodic influences on the relations between levels of a steroid hormone and aggressive behavior add a layer of complexity to our ideas about how genes influence behavior. The effects of estrogens on aggression are modulated by day length and involve both genomic and nongenomic routes of hormone action.
*Corresponding authors. E-mail, pfaff{at}rockvax.rockefeller.edu (D.P.); qr{at}columbia.edu (R.S.)