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Sci. Signal., 23 February 2010
Vol. 3, Issue 110, p. pe6
[DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.3110pe6]
PERSPECTIVES
A New Role for RPTP in Spinal Cord Injury: Signaling Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan Inhibition
Yuntao Duan and
Roman J. Giger*
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Abstract:
It has been known for more than two decades that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) inhibit axonal growth and regeneration. In the adult nervous system, CSPGs are enriched in perineuronal nets, and their abundance is increased in reactive astrocytes following injury to brain or spinal cord. Degradation of chondroitin sulfate (CS) sugar moieties by the local infusion of the bacterial enzyme chondroitinase ABC (ChaseABC) enhances experience-dependent neuronal plasticity in the adult visual cortex and results in substantially improved behavioral outcomes after spinal cord injury (SCI). Although the positive effects of ChaseABC treatment on neuronal plasticity have been known for some time, the underlying mechanisms remained enigmatic. The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (RPTP) has now been identified as a receptor for inhibitory CSPGs. Similarly to ChaseABC treatment, functional ablation of Ptprs, the gene encoding RPTP, promotes neurite outgrowth in the presence of CSPGs in vitro and enhances axonal growth into CSPG-rich scar tissue following SCI in vivo. The discovery of neuronal RPTP as a receptor for inhibitory CSPGs not only provides important mechanistic clues about CSPG function, but also identifies a potential new target for enhancing axonal growth and plasticity after nervous system injury.
Citation: Y. Duan, R. J. Giger, A New Role for RPTP in Spinal Cord Injury: Signaling Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan Inhibition. Sci. Signal.3, pe6 (2010).
Helen P. Makarenkova, Matthew P. Hoffman, Andrew Beenken, Anna V. Eliseenkova, Robyn Meech, Cindy Tsau, Vaishali N. Patel, Richard A. Lang, and Moosa Mohammadi (15 September 2009) Sci. Signal.2 (88), ra55.
[DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000304] |Editor's Summary »|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supplementary Materials »
PERSPECTIVES
Georgeann S. O’Brien and Alvaro Sagasti (5 May 2009) Sci. Signal.2 (69), pe30.
[DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.269pe30] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Yingjie Shen, Alan P. Tenney, Sarah A. Busch, Kevin P. Horn, Fernando X. Cuascut, Kai Liu, Zhigang He, Jerry Silver, and John G. Flanagan (23 October 2009) Science326 (5952), 592.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.1178310] |Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »|Supporting Online Material »
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Proteoglycan-Specific Molecular Switch for RPTP{sigma} Clustering and Neuronal Extension.
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332, 484-488
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
in Spinal Cord Injury: Signaling Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan Inhibition
) has now been identified as a receptor for inhibitory CSPGs. Similarly to ChaseABC treatment, functional ablation of Ptprs, the gene encoding RPTP
