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Sci. Signal., 17 August 2010
Vol. 3, Issue 135, p. ra62
[DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000955]

RESEARCH ARTICLES

Arginine Usage in Mycobacteria-Infected Macrophages Depends on Autocrine-Paracrine Cytokine Signaling

Joseph E. Qualls1,2, Geoffrey Neale3, Amber M. Smith1,2, Mi-Sun Koo4, Ashley A. DeFreitas1,2, Huiyuan Zhang5, Gilla Kaplan4, Stephanie S. Watowich5,6, and Peter J. Murray1,2*

1 Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
2 Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
3 Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
4 Public Health Research Institute Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
5 Department of Immunology and Center for Cancer Immunology Research, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
6 University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) produced by macrophages is toxic to host tissues and invading pathogens, and its regulation is essential to suppress host cytotoxicity. Macrophage arginase 1 (Arg1) competes with NO synthases for arginine, a substrate common to both types of enzymes, to inhibit NO production. Two signal transduction pathways control the production of Arg1 in macrophages: One pathway dependent on the Toll-like receptor adaptor protein myeloid differentiation marker 88 (MyD88) induces the expression of Arg1 during intracellular infections, whereas another pathway, which depends on signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), is required for Arg1 expression in alternatively activated macrophages. We found that mycobacteria-infected macrophages produced soluble factors, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), that induced expression of Arg1 in an autocrine-paracrine manner. Arg1 expression was controlled by the MyD88-dependent production of these cytokines rather than by cell-intrinsic MyD88 signaling to Arg1. Our study revealed that the MyD88-dependent pathway that induced the expression of Arg1 after infection by mycobacteria required STAT3 activation and that this pathway may cause the development of an immunosuppressive niche in granulomas because of the induced production of Arg1 in surrounding uninfected macrophages.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: peter.murray{at}stjude.org

Citation: J. E. Qualls, G. Neale, A. M. Smith, M.-S. Koo, A. A. DeFreitas, H. Zhang, G. Kaplan, S. S. Watowich, P. J. Murray, Arginine Usage in Mycobacteria-Infected Macrophages Depends on Autocrine-Paracrine Cytokine Signaling. Sci. Signal. 3, ra62 (2010).

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