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Sci. Signal., 15 January 2013
Vol. 6, Issue 258, p. rs2
[DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003512]

RESEARCH RESOURCES

Systems-Level Analysis of Proteolytic Events in Increased Vascular Permeability and Complement Activation in Skin Inflammation

Ulrich auf dem Keller1,2,3*{dagger}, Anna Prudova1,2,3{dagger}, Ulrich Eckhard1,2,3, Barbara Fingleton4, and Christopher M. Overall1,2,3{ddagger}

1 Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, 4.401 Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 4.401 Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
3 Centre for Blood Research, 4.401 Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
4 Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 734 PRB 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.

* Present address: Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 22, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

{dagger} These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract: During inflammation, vascular permeability is increased by various proteolytic events, such as the generation of bradykinin, that augment local tissue responses by enabling tissue penetration of serum proteins, including complement and acute-phase proteins. Proteases also govern inflammatory responses by processing extracellular matrix proteins and soluble bioactive mediators. We quantified changes in the proteome and the nature of protein amino termini (the N-terminome) and the altered abundance of murine proteases and inhibitors during skin inflammation. Through analysis of the N-terminome by iTRAQ-TAILS, we identified cotranslational and posttranslational αN-acetylation motifs, quantitative increases in protein abundance, and qualitative changes in the proteolytic signature during inflammation. Of the proteins identified in normal skin, about half were cleaved, and phorbol ester–induced inflammation increased the proportion of cleaved proteins, including chemokines and complement proteins, that were processed at previously uncharacterized sites. In response to phorbol ester–induced inflammation, mice deficient in matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) showed reduced accumulation of serum proteins in the skin and exhibited different proteolytic networks from those of wild-type mice. We found that the complement 1 (C1) inhibitor attenuated the increase in serum protein accumulation in inflamed skin. Cleavage and inactivation of the C1 inhibitor by MMP2 increased complement activation and bradykinin generation in wild-type mice, leading to increased vessel permeability during inflammation, which was diminished in Mmp2–/– mice. Thus, our systems-level analysis of proteolysis dissected cleavage events associated with skin inflammation and demonstrated that loss of a single protease could perturb the proteolytic signaling network and enhance inflammation.

{ddagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: chris.overall{at}ubc.ca

Citation: U. auf dem Keller, A. Prudova, U. Eckhard, B. Fingleton, C. M. Overall, Systems-Level Analysis of Proteolytic Events in Increased Vascular Permeability and Complement Activation in Skin Inflammation. Sci. Signal. 6, rs2 (2013).

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