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Herbivory Rapidly Activates MAPK Signaling in Attacked and Unattacked Leaf Regions but Not between Leaves of Nicotiana attenuata[W]
Jianqiang Wu,
Christian Hettenhausen,
Stefan Meldau, and
Ian T. Baldwin1
Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail baldwin{at}ice.mpg.de; fax 49-3641-571102.
Abstract:
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling plays a centralrole in transducing extracellular stimuli into intracellularresponses, but its role in mediating plant responses to herbivoreattack remains largely unexplored. When Manduca sexta larvaeattack their host plant, Nicotiana attenuata, the plant's woundresponse is reconfigured at transcriptional, phytohormonal,and defensive levels due to the introduction of oral secretions(OS) into wounds during feeding. We show that OS dramaticallyamplify wound-induced MAPK activity and that fatty acid–aminoacid conjugates in M. sexta OS are the elicitors. Virus-inducedgene silencing of salicylic acid–induced protein kinase(SIPK) and wound-induced protein kinase revealed their importancein mediating wound and OS-elicited hormonal responses and transcriptionalregulation of defense-related genes. We found that after applyingOS to wounds created in one portion of a leaf, SIPK is activatedin both wounded and specific unwounded regions of the leaf butnot in phylotactically connected adjacent leaves. We proposethat M. sexta attack elicits a mobile signal that travels tononwounded regions of the attacked leaf where it activates MAPKsignaling and, thus, downstream responses; subsequently, a differentsignal is transported by the vascular system to systemic leavesto initiate defense responses without activating MAPKs in systemicleaves.
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