Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.
Subscribe

Logo for

Plant Physiology 134 (1): 129-136

Copyright © 2004 by the American Society of Plant Physiologists.

CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

Phosphatidic Acid Induces Leaf Cell Death in Arabidopsis by Activating the Rho-Related Small G Protein GTPase-Mediated Pathway of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation1

Jumok Park, Ying Gu, Yuree Lee, Zhenbiao Yang, and Youngsook Lee*

Division of Molecular Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea (J.P., Yu.L., Yo.L.); and Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0124 (Y.G., Z.Y.)

Abstract: Phosphatidic acid (PA) level increases during various stress conditions. However, the physiological roles of this lipid in stress response remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that PA induced leaf cell death and elevated the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the whole leaf and single cells. To further elucidate the mechanism of PA-induced cell death, we then examined whether Rho-related small G protein (ROP) 2, which enhanced ROS production in an in vitro assay, is involved in PA-induced ROS production and cell death. In response to PA, transgenic leaves of Arabidopsis expressing a constitutively active rop2 mutant exhibited earlier cell death and higher levels of ROS than wild type (WT), whereas those expressing a dominant-negative rop2 mutant exhibited later cell death and lower ROS. However, in the absence of exogenous PA, no spontaneous cell death or elevated ROS was observed in constitutively active rop2 plants, suggesting that the activation of ROP GTPase alone is insufficient to activate the ROP-mediated ROS generation pathway. These results suggest that PA modulates an additional factor required for the active ROP-mediated ROS generation pathway. Therefore, PA may be an important regulator of ROP-regulated ROS generation and the cell death process during various stress and defense responses of plants.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.031393.

1 This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation (grant no. KRF-2001-015-DS0052) and by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (grant no. 2000-6-203-01-2) awarded to Y.L. and Z.Y.

* Corresponding author; e-mail ylee{at}postech.ac.kr; fax 82-54-279-2199.

Received for publication August 6, 2003. Revision received September 14, 2003. Accepted for publication September 14, 2003.

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
The Circadian Clock-Associated Small GTPase LIGHT INSENSITIVE PERIOD1 Suppresses Light-Controlled Endoreplication and Affects Tolerance to Salt Stress in Arabidopsis.
K. Terecskei, R. Toth, P. Gyula, E. Kevei, J. Bindics, G. Coupland, F. Nagy, and L. Kozma-Bognar (2013)
Plant Physiology 161, 278-290
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Silencing of the Rac1 GTPase MtROP9 in Medicago truncatula Stimulates Early Mycorrhizal and Oomycete Root Colonizations But Negatively Affects Rhizobial Infection.
L. M. Kiirika, H. F. Bergmann, C. Schikowsky, D. Wimmer, J. Korte, U. Schmitz, K. Niehaus, and F. Colditz (2012)
Plant Physiology 159, 501-516
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential mRNA Translation in Medicago truncatula Accessions with Contrasting Responses to Ozone-Induced Oxidative Stress.
M. Puckette, N. J. Iyer, Y. Tang, X.-B. Dai, P. Zhao, and R. Mahalingam (2012)
Mol Plant 5, 187-204
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Arabidopsis sn-1-specific mitochondrial acylhydrolase AtDLAH is positively correlated with seed viability.
Y. S. Seo, E. Y. Kim, and W. T. Kim (2011)
J. Exp. Bot. 62, 5683-5698
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular, cellular, and physiological responses to phosphatidic acid formation in plants.
C. Testerink and T. Munnik (2011)
J. Exp. Bot. 62, 2349-2361
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rop GTPase and Its Target Cdc42/Rac-Interactive-Binding Motif-Containing Protein Genes Respond to Desiccation during Pollen Maturation.
S.-W. Hsu, C.-L. Cheng, T.-C. J. Tzen, and C.-S. Wang (2010)
Plant Cell Physiol. 51, 1197-1209
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Overexpression of Arabidopsis Acyl-CoA Binding Protein ACBP3 Promotes Starvation-Induced and Age-Dependent Leaf Senescence.
S. Xiao, W. Gao, Q.-F. Chen, S.-W. Chan, S.-X. Zheng, J. Ma, M. Wang, R. Welti, and M.-L. Chye (2010)
PLANT CELL 22, 1463-1482
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of the Rac/Rop Small GTPase Family in Rice: Expression, Subcellular Localization and Role in Disease Resistance.
L. Chen, K. Shiotani, T. Togashi, D. Miki, M. Aoyama, H. L. Wong, T. Kawasaki, and K. Shimamoto (2010)
Plant Cell Physiol. 51, 585-595
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Biochemical Characterization of Two Wheat Phosphoethanolamine N-Methyltransferase Isoforms with Different Sensitivities to Inhibition by Phosphatidic Acid.
R. Jost, O. Berkowitz, J. Shaw, and J. Masle (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 31962-31971
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
At4g24160, a Soluble Acyl-Coenzyme A-Dependent Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase.
A. K. Ghosh, N. Chauhan, S. Rajakumari, G. Daum, and R. Rajasekharan (2009)
Plant Physiology 151, 869-881
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phospholipase D{alpha}1 and Phosphatidic Acid Regulate NADPH Oxidase Activity and Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in ABA-Mediated Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis.
Y. Zhang, H. Zhu, Q. Zhang, M. Li, M. Yan, R. Wang, L. Wang, R. Welti, W. Zhang, and X. Wang (2009)
PLANT CELL 21, 2357-2377
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Misexpression of FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 in the Arabidopsis Epidermis Induces Cell Death and Suggests a Critical Role for Phospholipase A2 in This Process.
J. J. Reina-Pinto, D. Voisin, S. Kurdyukov, A. Faust, R. P. Haslam, L. V. Michaelson, N. Efremova, B. Franke, L. Schreiber, J. A. Napier, et al. (2009)
PLANT CELL 21, 1252-1272
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of Rice NADPH Oxidase by Binding of Rac GTPase to Its N-Terminal Extension.
H. L. Wong, R. Pinontoan, K. Hayashi, R. Tabata, T. Yaeno, K. Hasegawa, C. Kojima, H. Yoshioka, K. Iba, T. Kawasaki, et al. (2007)
PLANT CELL 19, 4022-4034
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structure and Function of the PB1 Domain, a Protein Interaction Module Conserved in Animals, Fungi, Amoebas, and Plants.
H. Sumimoto, S. Kamakura, and T. Ito (2007)
Sci. STKE 2007, re6
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nitric Oxide Is Critical for Inducing Phosphatidic Acid Accumulation in Xylanase-elicited Tomato Cells.
A. M. Laxalt, N. Raho, A. t. Have, and L. Lamattina (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 21160-21168
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species formation required for root hair growth depends on ROP GTPase.
M. A. Jones, M. J. Raymond, Z. Yang, and N. Smirnoff (2007)
J. Exp. Bot. 58, 1261-1270
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A p67Phox-Like Regulator Is Recruited to Control Hyphal Branching in a Fungal-Grass Mutualistic Symbiosis.
D. Takemoto, A. Tanaka, and B. Scott (2006)
PLANT CELL 18, 2807-2821
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Hormonal Responses.
J. M. Kwak, V. Nguyen, and J. I. Schroeder (2006)
Plant Physiology 141, 323-329
   Full Text »    PDF »
Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis, is an effector of small GTPase Rac in defense signaling in rice.
T. Kawasaki, H. Koita, T. Nakatsubo, K. Hasegawa, K. Wakabayashi, H. Takahashi, K. Umemura, T. Umezawa, and K. Shimamoto (2006)
PNAS 103, 230-235
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutation of the TGD1 Chloroplast Envelope Protein Affects Phosphatidate Metabolism in Arabidopsis.
C. Xu, J. Fan, J. E. Froehlich, K. Awai, and C. Benning (2005)
PLANT CELL 17, 3094-3110
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Specific Modulation of Abscisic Acid Signaling by ROP10 Small GTPase in Arabidopsis.
Z. Xin, Y. Zhao, and Z.-L. Zheng (2005)
Plant Physiology 139, 1350-1365
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulatory Functions of Phospholipase D and Phosphatidic Acid in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Responses.
X. Wang (2005)
Plant Physiology 139, 566-573
   Full Text »    PDF »
The small GTPase AtRAC2/ROP7 is specifically expressed during late stages of xylem differentiation in Arabidopsis.
T. Brembu, P. Winge, and A. M. Bones (2005)
J. Exp. Bot. 56, 2465-2476
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutations in the Arabidopsis Phosphoinositide Phosphatase Gene SAC9 Lead to Overaccumulation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and Constitutive Expression of the Stress-Response Pathway.
M. E. Williams, J. Torabinejad, E. Cohick, K. Parker, E. J. Drake, J. E. Thompson, M. Hortter, and D. B. DeWald (2005)
Plant Physiology 138, 686-700
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Different Signaling and Cell Death Roles of Heterotrimeric G Protein {alpha} and {beta} Subunits in the Arabidopsis Oxidative Stress Response to Ozone.
J. H. Joo, S. Wang, J.G. Chen, A.M. Jones, and N. V. Fedoroff (2005)
PLANT CELL 17, 957-970
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »

To Advertise     Find Products

Science Signaling. ISSN 1937-9145 (online), 1945-0877 (print). Pre-2008: Science's STKE. ISSN 1525-8882