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PNAS 103 (33): 12569-12574

Copyright © 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences.

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES / NEUROSCIENCE

Transient receptor potential family members PKD1L3 and PKD2L1 form a candidate sour taste receptor

Yoshiro Ishimaru*, Hitoshi Inada{dagger}, Momoka Kubota*, Hanyi Zhuang*, Makoto Tominaga{dagger},{ddagger}, and Hiroaki Matsunami*,§,¶

Departments of *Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and §Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710; {dagger}Section of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; and {ddagger}Department of Physiological Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan

Edited by Linda B. Buck, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, and approved June 26, 2006

Received for publication April 3, 2006.

Abstract: Animals use their gustatory systems to evaluate the nutritious value, toxicity, sodium content, and acidity of food. Although characterization of molecular identities that receive taste chemicals is essential, molecular receptors underlying sour taste sensation remain unclear. Here, we show that two transient receptor potential (TRP) channel members, PKD1L3 and PKD2L1, are coexpressed in a subset of taste receptor cells in specific taste areas. Cells expressing these molecules are distinct from taste cells having receptors for bitter, sweet, or umami tastants. The PKD2L1 proteins are accumulated at the taste pore region, where taste chemicals are detected. PKD1L3 and PKD2L1 proteins can interact with each other, and coexpression of the PKD1L3 and PKD2L1 is necessary for their functional cell surface expression. Finally, PKD1L3 and PKD2L1 are activated by various acids when coexpressed in heterologous cells but not by other classes of tastants. These results suggest that PKD1L3 and PKD2L1 heteromers may function as sour taste receptors.

Key Words: chemical senses • polycystic kidney disease • gustation • ion channel • acid

Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.

Author contributions: M.T. and H.M. designed research; Y.I., H.I., M.K., and H.Z. performed research; Y.I. and H.I. analyzed data; and H.M. wrote the paper.

Conflict of interest statement: No conflicts declared.

This paper was submitted directly (Track II) to the PNAS office.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hiroaki.matsunami{at}duke.edu

© 2006 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA

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