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PNAS 104 (29): 12217-12222

Copyright © 2007 by the National Academy of Sciences.

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES / PLANT BIOLOGY

The receptor-like kinase SERK3/BAK1 is a central regulator of innate immunity in plants

Antje Heese*,{dagger}, Dagmar R. Hann{ddagger}, Selena Gimenez-Ibanez{ddagger}, Alexandra M. E. Jones{ddagger}, Kai He§, Jia Li§, Julian I. Schroeder, Scott C. Peck{ddagger},||, and John P. Rathjen{dagger},{ddagger}

*Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 540G Bond Life Sciences Center,1201 Rollins Road, Columbia, MO 65211; {ddagger}The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Colney Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; §Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019; and Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0346

Communicated by David Baulcombe, The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, United Kingdom, June 6, 2007

Received for publication May 25, 2007.

Abstract: In pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), plant cell surface receptors sense potential microbial pathogens by recognizing elicitors called PAMPs. Although diverse PAMPs trigger PTI through distinct receptors, the resulting intracellular responses overlap extensively. Despite this, a common component(s) linking signal perception with transduction remains unknown. In this study, we identify SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE (SERK)3/brassinosteroid-associated kinase (BAK)1, a receptor-like kinase previously implicated in hormone signaling, as a component of plant PTI. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtSERK3/BAK1 rapidly enters an elicitor-dependent complex with FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2), the receptor for the bacterial PAMP flagellin and its peptide derivative flg22. In the absence of AtSERK3/BAK1, early flg22-dependent responses are greatly reduced in both A. thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore, N. benthamiana Serk3/Bak1 is required for full responses to unrelated PAMPs and, importantly, for restriction of bacterial and oomycete infections. Thus, SERK3/BAK1 appears to integrate diverse perception events into downstream PAMP responses, leading to immunity against a range of invading microbes.

Key Words: flg22 • Arabidopsis • nicotiana • Flagellin • brassinosteroid

Author contributions: A.H. and D.R.H. contributed equally to this work; A.H., D.R.H., and J.P.R. designed research; A.H., D.R.H., S.G.-I., and A.M.E.J. performed research; A.H., D.R.H., S.G.-I., K.H., J.L., J.I.S., S.C.P., and J.P.R. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; A.H., D.R.H., S.G.-I., A.M.E.J., S.C.P., and J.P.R. analyzed data; and A.H., D.R.H., and J.P.R. wrote the paper.

||Present address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 271H Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins Road, Columbia, MO 65211.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database [accession nos. CK291393 (NbSerk3) and CK291392 (NbSerk2)].

This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0705306104/DC1.

{dagger}To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: heesea{at}missouri.edu or john.rathjen{at}tsl.ac.uk

© 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA

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