Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Logo for

Science 294 (5547): 1704-1708

Copyright © 2001 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science

Identification of Ubiquitin Ligases Required for Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

Sue C. Bodine,1 Esther Latres,1 Susanne Baumhueter,2 Venus K.-M. Lai,1 Lorna Nunez,1 Brian A. Clarke,1 William T. Poueymirou,1 Frank J. Panaro,1 Erqian Na,1 Kumar Dharmarajan,1 Zhen-Qiang Pan,3 David M. Valenzuela,1 Thomas M. DeChiara,1 Trevor N. Stitt,1 George D. Yancopoulos,1 David J. Glass1*

Skeletal muscle adapts to decreases in activity and load by undergoing atrophy. To identify candidate molecular mediators of muscle atrophy, we performed transcript profiling. Although many genes were up-regulated in a single rat model of atrophy, only a small subset was universal in all atrophy models. Two of these genes encode ubiquitin ligases: Muscle RING Finger 1 (MuRF1), and a gene we designate Muscle Atrophy F-box (MAFbx), the latter being a member of the SCF family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Overexpression of MAFbx in myotubes produced atrophy, whereas mice deficient in either MAFbx or MuRF1 were found to be resistant to atrophy. These proteins are potential drug targets for the treatment of muscle atrophy.

1 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591-6707, USA.
2 Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Center Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
3 Derald H. Ruttenberg Cancer Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: david.glass{at}regeneron.com

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Gene expression during inactivity-induced muscle atrophy: effects of brief bouts of a forceful contraction countermeasure.
S. J. Kim, R. R. Roy, J. A. Kim, H. Zhong, F. Haddad, K. M. Baldwin, and V. R. Edgerton (2008)
J Appl Physiol 105, 1246-1254
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TNF induction of atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA depends on Foxo4 expression but not AKT-Foxo1/3 signaling.
J. S. Moylan, J. D. Smith, M. A. Chambers, T. J. McLoughlin, and M. B. Reid (2008)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 295, C986-C993
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caloric restriction optimizes the proteasome pathway with aging in rat plantaris muscle: implications for sarcopenia.
R. T. Hepple, M. Qin, H. Nakamoto, and S. Goto (2008)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 295, R1231-R1237
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of cold-shock protein RBM3 as a possible regulator of skeletal muscle size through expression profiling.
E. E. Dupont-Versteegden, R. Nagarajan, M. L. Beggs, E. D. Bearden, P. M. Simpson, and C. A. Peterson (2008)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 295, R1263-R1273
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Disassociation between the effects of amino acids and insulin on signaling, ubiquitin ligases, and protein turnover in human muscle.
P. L. Greenhaff, L. G. Karagounis, N. Peirce, E. J. Simpson, M. Hazell, R. Layfield, H. Wackerhage, K. Smith, P. Atherton, A. Selby, et al. (2008)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 295, E595-E604
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ubiquitin Ligase Smurf1 Mediates Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Systemic Bone Loss by Promoting Proteasomal Degradation of Bone Morphogenetic Signaling Proteins.
R. Guo, M. Yamashita, Q. Zhang, Q. Zhou, D. Chen, D. G. Reynolds, H. A. Awad, L. Yanoso, L. Zhao, E. M. Schwarz, et al. (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 23084-23092
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of Akt/GSK-3{beta}/{beta}-Catenin Transduction Pathway in the Muscle Anti-Atrophy Action of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Glucocorticoid-Treated Rats.
O. Schakman, S. Kalista, L. Bertrand, P. Lause, J. Verniers, J. M. Ketelslegers, and J. P. Thissen (2008)
Endocrinology 149, 3900-3908
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Signaling in Muscle Atrophy and Hypertrophy.
M. Sandri (2008)
Physiology 23, 160-170
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Protein Kinase D1 Stimulates MEF2 Activity in Skeletal Muscle and Enhances Muscle Performance.
M.-S. Kim, J. Fielitz, J. McAnally, J. M. Shelton, D. D. Lemon, T. A. McKinsey, J. A. Richardson, R. Bassel-Duby, and E. N. Olson (2008)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 28, 3600-3609
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Acute alcohol intoxication increases atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA without increasing proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
T. C. Vary, R. A. Frost, and C. H. Lang (2008)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 294, R1777-R1789
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Proteasome inhibition improves diaphragm function in congestive heart failure rats.
H. W. H. van Hees, Y.-P. Li, C. A. C. Ottenheijm, B. Jin, C. J. C. Pigmans, M. Linkels, P. N. R. Dekhuijzen, and L. M. A. Heunks (2008)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 294, L1260-L1268
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Histone Deacetylase 5 Acquires Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase II Responsiveness by Oligomerization with Histone Deacetylase 4.
J. Backs, T. Backs, S. Bezprozvannaya, T. A. McKinsey, and E. N. Olson (2008)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 28, 3437-3445
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy.
O Schakman, H Gilson, and J P Thissen (2008)
J. Endocrinol. 197, 1-10
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of {beta}-Adrenoceptor Signaling in Skeletal Muscle: Implications for Muscle Wasting and Disease.
G. S. Lynch and J. G. Ryall (2008)
Physiol Rev 88, 729-767
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Myofibrillar protein turnover: The proteasome and the calpains.
D. E. Goll, G. Neti, S. W. Mares, and V. F. Thompson (2008)
J Anim Sci 86, E19-E35
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cardiac Plasticity.
J. A. Hill and E. N. Olson (2008)
N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 1370-1380
   Full Text »    PDF »
Temporal changes in the involvement of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in muscle lactate accumulation during lipopolysaccharide infusion in rats.
N. Alamdari, D. Constantin-Teodosiu, A. J. Murton, S. M. Gardiner, T. Bennett, R. Layfield, and P. L. Greenhaff (2008)
J. Physiol. 586, 1767-1775
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoids differentially regulate degradation of MyoD and Id1 by N-terminal ubiquitination to promote muscle protein catabolism.
L. Sun, J. S. Trausch-Azar, L. J. Muglia, and A. L. Schwartz (2008)
PNAS 105, 3339-3344
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Feeding Status Regulates the Polyubiquitination Step of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome-Dependent Proteolysis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Muscle.
I. Seiliez, S. Panserat, S. Skiba-Cassy, A. Fricot, C. Vachot, S. Kaushik, and S. Tesseraud (2008)
J. Nutr. 138, 487-491
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Repeated resistance exercise training induces different changes in mRNA expression of MAFbx and MuRF-1 in human skeletal muscle.
H. Mascher, J. Tannerstedt, T. Brink-Elfegoun, B. Ekblom, T. Gustafsson, and E. Blomstrand (2008)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 294, E43-E51
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Proteolytic Gene Expression Differs At Rest and After Resistance Exercise Between Young and Old Women.
U. Raue, D. Slivka, B. Jemiolo, C. Hollon, and S. Trappe (2007)
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 62, 1407-1412
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evidence for Adipose-Muscle Cross Talk: Opposing Regulation of Muscle Proteolysis by Adiponectin and Fatty Acids.
Q. Zhou, J. Du, Z. Hu, K. Walsh, and X. H. Wang (2007)
Endocrinology 148, 5696-5705
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
IFN-{gamma} does not mimic the catabolic effects of TNF-{alpha}.
M. A. Smith, J. S. Moylan, J. D. Smith, W. Li, and M. B. Reid (2007)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 293, C1947-C1952
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Histone Deacetylase HDAC4 Connects Neural Activity to Muscle Transcriptional Reprogramming.
T. J. Cohen, D. S. Waddell, T. Barrientos, Z. Lu, G. Feng, G. A. Cox, S. C. Bodine, and T.-P. Yao (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 33752-33759
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Antioxidant administration attenuates mechanical ventilation-induced rat diaphragm muscle atrophy independent of protein kinase B (PKB Akt) signalling.
J. M. McClung, A. N. Kavazis, M. A. Whidden, K. C. DeRuisseau, D. J. Falk, D. S. Criswell, and S. K. Powers (2007)
J. Physiol. 585, 203-215
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional pathways associated with skeletal muscle disuse atrophy in humans.
Y.-W. Chen, C. M. Gregory, M. T. Scarborough, R. Shi, G. A. Walter, and K. Vandenborne (2007)
Physiol Genomics 31, 510-520
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression patterns of atrogenic and ubiquitin proteasome component genes with exercise: effect of different loading patterns and repeated exercise bouts.
A. Nedergaard, K. Vissing, K. Overgaard, M. Kjaer, and P. Schjerling (2007)
J Appl Physiol 103, 1513-1522
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The dual effects of Cdh1/APC in myogenesis.
W. Li, G. Wu, and Y. Wan (2007)
FASEB J 21, 3606-3617
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Disuse of rat muscle in vivo reduces protein kinase C activity controlling the sarcolemma chloride conductance.
S. Pierno, J.-F. Desaphy, A. Liantonio, A. De Luca, A. Zarrilli, L. Mastrofrancesco, G. Procino, G. Valenti, and D. Conte Camerino (2007)
J. Physiol. 584, 983-995
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Skeletal muscle adaptations to testosterone and resistance training in men with COPD.
M. I. Lewis, M. Fournier, T. W. Storer, S. Bhasin, J. Porszasz, S.-G. Ren, X. Da, and R. Casaburi (2007)
J Appl Physiol 103, 1299-1310
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
PTEN Expression Contributes to the Regulation of Muscle Protein Degradation in Diabetes.
Z. Hu, I. H. Lee, X. Wang, H. Sheng, L. Zhang, J. Du, and W. E. Mitch (2007)
Diabetes 56, 2449-2456
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gene expression responses over 24 h to lengthening and shortening contractions in human muscle: major changes in CSRP3, MUSTN1, SIX1, and FBXO32.
M. C. Kostek, Y.-W. Chen, D. J. Cuthbertson, R. Shi, M. J. Fedele, K. A. Esser, and M. J. Rennie (2007)
Physiol Genomics 31, 42-52
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of the circadian transcriptome in adult mouse skeletal muscle.
J. J. McCarthy, J. L. Andrews, E. L. McDearmon, K. S. Campbell, B. K. Barber, B. H. Miller, J. R. Walker, J. B. Hogenesch, J. S. Takahashi, and K. A. Esser (2007)
Physiol Genomics 31, 86-95
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From animals to humans: evidence linking oxidative stress as a causative factor in muscle atrophy.
T. Barker and M. G. Traber (2007)
J. Physiol. 583, 421-422
   Full Text »    PDF »
Muscle: Diaphragmatic proteasome function is maintained in the ageing Fisher 344 rat.
A. N. Kavazis, K. C. DeRuisseau, J. M. McClung, M. A. Whidden, D. J. Falk, A. J. Smuder, T. Sugiura, and S. K. Powers (2007)
Exp Physiol 92, 895-901
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Microarray analysis of the temporal response of skeletal muscle to methylprednisolone: comparative analysis of two dosing regimens.
R. R. Almon, D. C. DuBois, Z. Yao, E. P. Hoffman, S. Ghimbovschi, and W. J. Jusko (2007)
Physiol Genomics 30, 282-299
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
PPAR{delta} agonism induces a change in fuel metabolism and activation of an atrophy programme, but does not impair mitochondrial function in rat skeletal muscle.
D. Constantin, D. Constantin-Teodosiu, R. Layfield, K. Tsintzas, A. J. Bennett, and P. L. Greenhaff (2007)
J. Physiol. 583, 381-390
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Muscle Atrophy and Hypertrophy Signaling in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
M. Doucet, A. P. Russell, B. Leger, R. Debigare, D. R. Joanisse, M.-A. Caron, P. LeBlanc, and F. Maltais (2007)
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 176, 261-269
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
S6 kinase inactivation impairs growth and translational target phosphorylation in muscle cells maintaining proper regulation of protein turnover.
V. Mieulet, M. Roceri, C. Espeillac, A. Sotiropoulos, M. Ohanna, V. Oorschot, J. Klumperman, M. Sandri, and M. Pende (2007)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 293, C712-C722
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Certain Pairs of Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzymes (E2s) and Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (E3s) Synthesize Nondegradable Forked Ubiquitin Chains Containing All Possible Isopeptide Linkages.
H. T. Kim, K. P. Kim, F. Lledias, A. F. Kisselev, K. M. Scaglione, D. Skowyra, S. P. Gygi, and A. L. Goldberg (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 17375-17386
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Oxidative stress and disuse muscle atrophy.
S. K. Powers, A. N. Kavazis, and J. M. McClung (2007)
J Appl Physiol 102, 2389-2397
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a potent skeletal muscle-wasting cytokine.
C. Dogra, H. Changotra, N. Wedhas, X. Qin, J. E. Wergedal, and A. Kumar (2007)
FASEB J 21, 1857-1869
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation exhibit sexual dimorphism after chronic alcohol consumption but not acute intoxication.
C. H. Lang, R. A. Frost, and T. C. Vary (2007)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292, E1497-E1506
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
AMP-activated protein kinase agonists increase mRNA content of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases MAFbx and MuRF1 in C2C12 cells.
B. J. Krawiec, G. J. Nystrom, R. A. Frost, L. S. Jefferson, and C. H. Lang (2007)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292, E1555-E1567
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Experimental arthritis inhibits the insulin-like growth factor-I axis and induces muscle wasting through cyclooxygenase-2 activation.
M. Granado, A. I Martin, M{a} A. Villanua, and A. Lopez-Calderon (2007)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292, E1656-E1665
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Free radical-mediated skeletal muscle dysfunction in inflammatory conditions.
G. S. Supinski and L. A. Callahan (2007)
J Appl Physiol 102, 2056-2063
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular determinants for the recruitment of the ubiquitin-ligase MuRF-1 onto M-line titin.
M. Mrosek, D. Labeit, S. Witt, H. Heerklotz, E. von Castelmur, S. Labeit, and O. Mayans (2007)
FASEB J 21, 1383-1392
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential localization of autolyzed calpains 1 and 2 in slow and fast skeletal muscles in the early phase of atrophy.
M. Vermaelen, P. Sirvent, F. Raynaud, C. Astier, J. Mercier, A. Lacampagne, and O. Cazorla (2007)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292, C1723-C1731
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Muscle: Calpain activation causes a proteasome-dependent increase in protein degradation and inhibits the Akt signalling pathway in rat diaphragm muscle.
I. J. Smith and S. L. Dodd (2007)
Exp Physiol 92, 561-573
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Influence of preexercise muscle glycogen content on transcriptional activity of metabolic and myogenic genes in well-trained humans.
E. G. Churchley, V. G. Coffey, D. J. Pedersen, A. Shield, K. A. Carey, D. Cameron-Smith, and J. A. Hawley (2007)
J Appl Physiol 102, 1604-1611
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TBP-interacting Protein 120B (TIP120B)/Cullin-associated and Neddylation-dissociated 2 (CAND2) Inhibits SCF-dependent Ubiquitination of Myogenin and Accelerates Myogenic Differentiation.
S. Shiraishi, C. Zhou, T. Aoki, N. Sato, T. Chiba, K. Tanaka, S. Yoshida, Y. Nabeshima, Y.-i. Nabeshima, and T.-a. Tamura (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 9017-9028
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Bitter End: The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Cardiac Dysfunction.
C. Patterson, C. Ike, P. W. Willis IV, G. A. Stouffer, and M. S. Willis (2007)
Circulation 115, 1456-1463
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Alterations in mRNA expression and protein products following spinal cord injury in humans.
M. L. Urso, Y.-W. Chen, A. G. Scrimgeour, P. C. Lee, K. F. Lee, and P. M. Clarkson (2007)
J. Physiol. 579, 877-892
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Loss of muscle-specific RING-finger 3 predisposes the heart to cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction.
J. Fielitz, E. van Rooij, J. A. Spencer, J. M. Shelton, S. Latif, R. van der Nagel, S. Bezprozvannaya, L. de Windt, J. A. Richardson, R. Bassel-Duby, et al. (2007)
PNAS 104, 4377-4382
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Conditional Activation of MET in Differentiated Skeletal Muscle Induces Atrophy.
T. Crepaldi, F. Bersani, C. Scuoppo, P. Accornero, C. Prunotto, R. Taulli, P. E. Forni, C. Leo, R. Chiarle, J. Griffiths, et al. (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 6812-6822
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Muscle Ring Finger 1, but not Muscle Ring Finger 2, Regulates Cardiac Hypertrophy In Vivo.
M. S. Willis, C. Ike, L. Li, D.-Z. Wang, D. J. Glass, and C. Patterson (2007)
Circ. Res. 100, 456-459
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate prevents atrophy, weakness, and oxidative stress in soleus muscle of hindlimb-unloaded mice.
S. Arbogast, J. Smith, Y. Matuszczak, B. J. Hardin, J. S. Moylan, J. D. Smith, J. Ware, A. R. Kennedy, and M. B. Reid (2007)
J Appl Physiol 102, 956-964
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cancer Cachexia Signaling Pathways Continue to Emerge Yet Much Still Points to the Proteasome.
S. Acharyya and D. C. Guttridge (2007)
Clin. Cancer Res. 13, 1356-1361
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
IL-13 mediates the recruitment of reserve cells for fusion during IGF-1-induced hypertrophy of human myotubes.
V. Jacquemin, G. S. Butler-Browne, D. Furling, and V. Mouly (2007)
J. Cell Sci. 120, 670-681
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cancer Cachexia: It's Time for More Clinical Trials.
M. Bossola, F. Pacelli, A. Tortorelli, and G. B. Doglietto (2007)
Ann. Surg. Oncol. 14, 276-285
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rapamycin inhibits the growth and muscle-sparing effects of clenbuterol.
W. O. Kline, F. J. Panaro, H. Yang, and S. C. Bodine (2007)
J Appl Physiol 102, 740-747
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The ubiquitin-protein ligase Nedd4 targets Notch1 in skeletal muscle and distinguishes the subset of atrophies caused by reduced muscle tension.
A. Koncarevic, R. W. Jackman, and S. C. Kandarian (2007)
FASEB J 21, 427-437
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Oxidative Phenotype Protects Myofibers from Pathological Insults Induced by Chronic Heart Failure in Mice.
P. Li, R. E. Waters, S. I. Redfern, M. Zhang, L. Mao, B. H. Annex, and Z. Yan (2007)
Am. J. Pathol. 170, 599-608
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hormone, cytokine, and nutritional regulation of sepsis-induced increases in atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in skeletal muscle.
R. A. Frost, G. J. Nystrom, L. S. Jefferson, and C. H. Lang (2007)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292, E501-E512
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 are associated with uterine smooth muscle involution in the postpartum period.
Y. Bdolah, A. Segal, P. Tanksale, S. A. Karumanchi, and S. H. Lecker (2007)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 292, R971-R976
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Myostatin Gene Deletion Prevents Glucocorticoid-Induced Muscle Atrophy.
H. Gilson, O. Schakman, L. Combaret, P. Lause, L. Grobet, D. Attaix, J. M. Ketelslegers, and J. P. Thissen (2007)
Endocrinology 148, 452-460
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rapid disuse and denervation atrophy involve transcriptional changes similar to those of muscle wasting during systemic diseases.
J. M. Sacheck, J.-P. K. Hyatt, A. Raffaello, R. T. Jagoe, R. R. Roy, V. R. Edgerton, S. H. Lecker, and A. L. Goldberg (2007)
FASEB J 21, 140-155
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Burn-induced increase in atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in skeletal muscle is glucocorticoid independent but downregulated by IGF-I.
C. H. Lang, D. Huber, and R. A. Frost (2007)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 292, R328-R336
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dexamethasone-induced protein degradation in cultured myotubes is p300/HAT dependent.
H. Yang, W. Wei, M. Menconi, and P.-O. Hasselgren (2007)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 292, R337-R334
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Myocardial expression of Murf-1 and MAFbx after induction of chronic heart failure: Effect on myocardial contractility.
V. Adams, A. Linke, U. Wisloff, C. Doring, S. Erbs, N. Krankel, C. C. Witt, S. Labeit, U. Muller-Werdan, G. Schuler, et al. (2007)
Cardiovasc Res 73, 120-129
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Microarray gene expression analysis in atrophying rainbow trout muscle: a unique nonmammalian muscle degradation model.
M. Salem, P. B. Kenney, C. E. Rexroad 3rd, and J. Yao (2006)
Physiol Genomics 28, 33-45
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Muscle Wasting and Impaired Muscle Regeneration in a Murine Model of Chronic Pulmonary Inflammation.
R. C. J. Langen, A. M. W. J. Schols, M. C. J. M. Kelders, J. L. J. van der Velden, E. F. M. Wouters, and Y. M. W. Janssen-Heininger (2006)
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 35, 689-696
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Proteolytic mRNA expression in response to acute resistance exercise in human single skeletal muscle fibers.
Y. Yang, B. Jemiolo, and S. Trappe (2006)
J Appl Physiol 101, 1442-1450
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway in the Diaphragm in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
C. A. C. Ottenheijm, L. M. A. Heunks, Y.-P. Li, B. Jin, R. Minnaard, H. W. H. van Hees, and P. N. R. Dekhuijzen (2006)
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174, 997-1002
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Akt signalling through GSK-3{beta}, mTOR and Foxo1 is involved in human skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy.
B. Leger, R. Cartoni, M. Praz, S. Lamon, O. Deriaz, A. Crettenand, C. Gobelet, P. Rohmer, M. Konzelmann, F. Luthi, et al. (2006)
J. Physiol. 576, 923-933
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
PGC-1{alpha} protects skeletal muscle from atrophy by suppressing FoxO3 action and atrophy-specific gene transcription.
M. Sandri, J. Lin, C. Handschin, W. Yang, Z. P. Arany, S. H. Lecker, A. L. Goldberg, and B. M. Spiegelman (2006)
PNAS 103, 16260-16265
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tumour necrosis factor blockade did not prevent the increase of muscular muscle RING finger-1 and muscle atrophy F-box in arthritic rats..
M Granado, A I Martin, T Priego, A Lopez-Calderon, and M A Villanua (2006)
J. Endocrinol. 191, 319-326
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of human skeletal muscle after 48 h immobilization reveals alterations in mRNA and protein for extracellular matrix components.
M. L. Urso, A. G. Scrimgeour, Y.-W. Chen, P. D. Thompson, and P. M. Clarkson (2006)
J Appl Physiol 101, 1136-1148
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Foxo Transcription Factors Blunt Cardiac Hypertrophy by Inhibiting Calcineurin Signaling.
Y. G. Ni, K. Berenji, N. Wang, M. Oh, N. Sachan, A. Dey, J. Cheng, G. Lu, D. J. Morris, D. H. Castrillon, et al. (2006)
Circulation 114, 1159-1168
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-96 Is a New Component of M-Lines That Interacts with UNC-98 and Paramyosin and Is Required in Adult Muscle for Assembly and/or Maintenance of Thick Filaments.
K. B. Mercer, R. K. Miller, T. L. Tinley, S. Sheth, H. Qadota, and G. M. Benian (2006)
Mol. Biol. Cell 17, 3832-3847
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Decreased expression of myogenic transcription factors and myosin heavy chains in Caenorhabditis elegans muscles developed during spaceflight.
A. Higas