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Abstract:
Members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family recognize conservedmicrobial structures, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide andviral double-stranded RNA, and activate signaling pathways thatresult in immune responses against microbial infections. AllTLRs activate MyD88-dependent pathways to induce a core setof stereotyped responses, such as inflammation. However, individualTLRs can also induce immune responses that are tailored to agiven microbial infection. Thus, these receptors are involvedin both innate and adaptive immune responses. The mechanismsand components of these varied responses are only partly understood.Given the importance of TLRs in host defense, dissection ofthe pathways they activate has become an important emergingresearch focus. TLRs and their pathways are numerous; Science'sSignal Transduction Knowledge Environment's TLR ConnectionsMap provides an immediate, clear overview of the known componentsand relations of this complex system.
Section of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, CABS660, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ruslan.medzhitov{at}yale.edu
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Induction of Cell Signaling Events by the Cholera Toxin B Subunit in Antigen-Presenting Cells.
A. C. Schnitzler, J. M. Burke, and L. M. Wetzler (2007)
Infect. Immun.
75, 3150-3159
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Distinct Roles of Different NF-{kappa}B Subunits in Regulating Inflammatory and T Cell Stimulatory Gene Expression in Dendritic Cells.
J. Wang, X. Wang, S. Hussain, Y. Zheng, S. Sanjabi, F. Ouaaz, and A. A. Beg (2007)
J. Immunol.
178, 6777-6788
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Differential Modulation of Nods Signaling Pathways by Fatty Acids in Human Colonic Epithelial HCT116 Cells.
L. Zhao, M.-J. Kwon, S. Huang, J. Y. Lee, K. Fukase, N. Inohara, and D. H. Hwang (2007)
J. Biol. Chem.
282, 11618-11628
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Modulation of the Interferon Antiviral Response by the TBK1/IKKi Adaptor Protein TANK.
Post-induction, Stimulus-specific Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor mRNA Expression.
A. V. Tsytsykova, J. V. Falvo, M. Schmidt-Supprian, G. Courtois, D. Thanos, and A. E. Goldfeld (2007)
J. Biol. Chem.
282, 11629-11638
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Signal Transduction Pathways of Tumor Necrosis Factor-mediated Lung Injury Induced by Ozone in Mice.
H.-Y. Cho, D. L. Morgan, A. K. Bauer, and S. R. Kleeberger (2007) 175, 829-839
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Regulation of innate immunity by MAPK dual-specificity phosphatases: knockout models reveal new tricks of old genes.
{alpha}1-Antitrypsin, Old Dog, New Tricks: {alpha}1-ANTITRYPSIN EXERTS IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY IN HUMAN MONOCYTES BY ELEVATING cAMP.
S. M. Janciauskiene, I. M. Nita, and T. Stevens (2007)
J. Biol. Chem.
282, 8573-8582
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Diet-Induced Increases in Adiposity, but Not Plasma Lipids, Promote Macrophage Infiltration Into White Adipose Tissue.
K. R. Coenen, M. L. Gruen, A. Chait, and A. H. Hasty (2007)
Diabetes
56, 564-573
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Histone deacetylase activities are required for innate immune cell control of Th1 but not Th2 effector cell function.
J. L. Brogdon, Y. Xu, S. J. Szabo, S. An, F. Buxton, D. Cohen, and Q. Huang (2007)
Blood
109, 1123-1130
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Sequential Modifications in Class II Transactivator Isoform 1 Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Stimulate Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Transcription in Macrophages.
G. Drozina, J. Kohoutek, T. Nishiya, and B. M. Peterlin (2006)
J. Biol. Chem.
281, 39963-39970
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A bacterial carbohydrate links innate and adaptive responses through Toll-like receptor 2.
Q. Wang, R. M. McLoughlin, B. A. Cobb, M. Charrel-Dennis, K. J. Zaleski, D. Golenbock, A. O. Tzianabos, and D. L. Kasper (2006)
J. Exp. Med.
203, 2853-2863
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Unique characteristics of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae AvrXa21 and implications for plant innate immunity.
S.-W. Lee, S.-W. Han, L. E. Bartley, and P. C. Ronald (2006)
PNAS
103, 18395-18400
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Mycobacteria directly induce cytoskeletal rearrangements for macrophage spreading and polarization through TLR2-dependent PI3K signaling.
E. B. Lasunskaia, M. N. N. Campos, M. R. M. de Andrade, R. A. DaMatta, T. L. Kipnis, M. Einicker-Lamas, and W. D. Da Silva (2006)
J. Leukoc. Biol.
80, 1480-1490
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TLR4 Is Required for Host Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis.
X. Huang, W. Du, S. A. McClellan, R. P. Barrett, and L. D. Hazlett (2006)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
47, 4910-4916
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Renal Collecting Duct Epithelial Cells React to Pyelonephritis-Associated Escherichia coli by Activating Distinct TLR4-Dependent and -Independent Inflammatory Pathways.
C. Chassin, J.-M. Goujon, S. Darche, L. du Merle, M. Bens, F. Cluzeaud, C. Werts, E. Ogier-Denis, C. Le Bouguenec, D. Buzoni-Gatel, et al. (2006)
J. Immunol.
177, 4773-4784
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A pathway analysis of poly(I:C)-induced global gene expression change in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
C. C. Huang, K. E. Duffy, L. R. San Mateo, B. Y. Amegadzie, R. T. Sarisky, and M. L. Mbow (2006)
Physiol Genomics
26, 125-133
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The IRAK-1-BCL10-MALT1-TRAF6-TAK1 Cascade Mediates Signaling to NF-{kappa}B from Toll-like Receptor 4.
W. Dong, Y. Liu, J. Peng, L. Chen, T. Zou, H. Xiao, Z. Liu, W. Li, Y. Bu, and Y. Qi (2006)
J. Biol. Chem.
281, 26029-26040
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Characterization of the Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Responsiveness of the Human dio2 Gene.
A. Zeold, M. Doleschall, M. C. Haffner, L. P. Capelo, J. Menyhert, Z. Liposits, W. S. da Silva, A. C. Bianco, I. Kacskovics, C. Fekete, et al. (2006)
Endocrinology
147, 4419-4429
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