Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.
Direct Activation of Bax by p53 Mediates Mitochondrial Membrane Permeabilization and Apoptosis
Jerry E. Chipuk,1
Tomomi Kuwana,1
Lisa Bouchier-Hayes,1
Nathalie M. Droin,1
Donald D. Newmeyer,1
Martin Schuler,2
Douglas R. Green1*
Abstract:
The tumor suppressor p53 exerts its anti-neoplastic activityprimarily through the induction of apoptosis. We found thatcytosolic localization of endogenous wild-type or trans-activation–deficientp53 was necessary and sufficient for apoptosis. p53 directlyactivated the proapoptotic Bcl-2protein Bax in the absence ofother proteins to permeabilize mitochondria and engage the apoptoticprogram. p53 also released both proapoptotic multidomain proteinsand BH3-only proteins [Proapoptotic Bcl-2family proteins thatshare only the third Bcl-2homology domain (BH3)] that were sequesteredby Bcl-xL. The transcription-independent activation of Bax byp53 occurred with similar kinetics and concentrations to thoseproduced by activated Bid. We propose that when p53 accumulatesin the cytosol, it can function analogously to the BH3-onlysubset of proapoptotic Bcl-2proteins to activate Bax and triggerapoptosis.
1 Division of Cellular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. 2 Department of Medicine III, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55101 Mainz, Germany.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: doug{at}liai.org
The editors suggest the following Related Resources on Science sites:
Rotavirus-Encoded Nonstructural Protein 1 Modulates Cellular Apoptotic Machinery by Targeting Tumor Suppressor Protein p53.
R. Bhowmick, U. C. Halder, S. Chattopadhyay, M. K. Nayak, and M. Chawla-Sarkar (2013)
J. Virol.
87, 6840-6850
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
CyclinB1/Cdk1 phosphorylates mitochondrial antioxidant MnSOD in cell adaptive response to radiation stress.
D. Candas, M. Fan, D. Nantajit, A. T. Vaughan, J. S. Murley, G. E. Woloschak, D. J. Grdina, and J. J. Li (2013)
J Mol Cell Biol
5, 166-175
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Myc-induced AMPK-phospho p53 pathway activates Bak to sensitize mitochondrial apoptosis.
A. I. Nieminen, V. M. Eskelinen, H. M. Haikala, T. A. Tervonen, Y. Yan, J. I. Partanen, and J. Klefstrom (2013)
PNAS
110, E1839-E1848
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The retinoblastoma protein induces apoptosis directly at the mitochondria.
K. I. Hilgendorf, E. S. Leshchiner, S. Nedelcu, M. A. Maynard, E. Calo, A. Ianari, L. D. Walensky, and J. A. Lees (2013)
Genes & Dev.
27, 1003-1015
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Small molecule induced reactivation of mutant p53 in cancer cells.
X. Liu, R. Wilcken, A. C. Joerger, I. S. Chuckowree, J. Amin, J. Spencer, and A. R. Fersht (2013)
Nucleic Acids Res.
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The hepatoprotective effect of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) berries on induced aflatoxin B1 poisoning in chickens1.
C. Solcan, M. Gogu, V. Floristean, B. Oprisan, and G. Solcan (2013)
Poult. Sci.
92, 966-974
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Autophagy Protects the Retina from Light-induced Degeneration.
Y. Chen, O. Sawada, H. Kohno, Y.-Z. Le, C. Subauste, T. Maeda, and A. Maeda (2013)
J. Biol. Chem.
288, 7506-7518
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Dual-site Interactions of p53 Protein Transactivation Domain with Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 Family Proteins Reveal a Highly Convergent Mechanism of Divergent p53 Pathways.
J.-H. Ha, J.-S. Shin, M.-K. Yoon, M.-S. Lee, F. He, K.-H. Bae, H. S. Yoon, C.-K. Lee, S. G. Park, Y. Muto, et al. (2013)
J. Biol. Chem.
288, 7387-7398
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Multiple Functions of BCL-2 Family Proteins.
J. M. Hardwick and L. Soane (2013)
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
5, a008722
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Neem oil limonoids induces p53-independent apoptosis and autophagy.
P. Srivastava, N. Yadav, R. Lella, A. Schneider, A. Jones, T. Marlowe, G. Lovett, K. O'Loughlin, H. Minderman, R. Gogada, et al. (2012)
Carcinogenesis
33, 2199-2207
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Is p53 the Long-Sought Molecular Trigger for Cyclophilin D-Regulated Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Formation and Necrosis?.
J. Karch and J. D. Molkentin (2012)
Circ. Res.
111, 1258-1260
|Full Text »|PDF »
Mitochondria and Mitophagy: The Yin and Yang of Cell Death Control.
Targeting a Novel Onco-glycoprotein Antigen at Tumoral Pancreatic Cell Surface by mAb16D10 Induces Cell Death.
L. Crescence, E. Beraud, V. Sbarra, J.-P. Bernard, D. Lombardo, and E. Mas (2012)
J. Immunol.
189, 3386-3396
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Sirt-1 Is Required for the Inhibition of Apoptosis and Inflammatory Responses in Human Tenocytes.
F. Busch, A. Mobasheri, P. Shayan, R. Stahlmann, and M. Shakibaei (2012)
J. Biol. Chem.
287, 25770-25781
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
A p53 Axis Regulates B Cell Receptor-Triggered, Innate Immune System-Driven B Cell Clonal Expansion.
H. Lee, S. Haque, J. Nieto, J. Trott, J. K. Inman, S. McCormick, N. Chiorazzi, and P. K. A. Mongini (2012)
J. Immunol.
188, 6093-6108
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Inhibition of Mcl-1 Promotes Senescence in Cancer Cells: Implications for Preventing Tumor Growth and Chemotherapy Resistance.
E. Bolesta, L. W. Pfannenstiel, A. Demelash, M. L. Lesniewski, M. Tobin, S. E. Schlanger, S. C. Nallar, J. C. Papadimitriou, D. V. Kalvakolanu, and B. R. Gastman (2012)
Mol. Cell. Biol.
32, 1879-1892
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
p53/HMGB1 Complexes Regulate Autophagy and Apoptosis.
K. M. Livesey, R. Kang, P. Vernon, W. Buchser, P. Loughran, S. C. Watkins, L. Zhang, J. J. Manfredi, H. J. Zeh III, L. Li, et al. (2012)
Cancer Res.
72, 1996-2005
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
A novel polypeptide from Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus inhibits the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma.
C. Wang, M. Liu, L. Cheng, J. Wei, N. Wu, L. Zheng, and X. Lin (2012)
Experimental Biology and Medicine
237, 442-450
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
It Takes 15 to Tango: Making Sense of the Many Ubiquitin Ligases of p53.
SIRT1 inhibits the mouse intestinal motility and epithelial proliferation.
Y. Wang, X. Shi, J. Qi, X. Li, K. Uray, and X. Guan (2012)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
302, G207-G217
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Differential effects on p53-mediated cell cycle arrest vs. apoptosis by p90.
C. Dai, Y. Tang, S. Y. Jung, J. Qin, S. A. Aaronson, and W. Gu (2011)
PNAS
108, 18937-18942
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The Cancer-associated K351N Mutation Affects the Ubiquitination and the Translocation to Mitochondria of p53 Protein.
M. Muscolini, E. Montagni, V. Palermo, S. Di Agostino, W. Gu, S. Abdelmoula-Souissi, C. Mazzoni, G. Blandino, and L. Tuosto (2011)
J. Biol. Chem.
286, 39693-39702
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Withaferin A induces p53-dependent apoptosis by repression of HPV oncogenes and upregulation of tumor suppressor proteins in human cervical cancer cells.
R. Munagala, H. Kausar, C. Munjal, and R. C. Gupta (2011)
Carcinogenesis
32, 1697-1705
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
p53-independent Epigenetic Repression of the p21WAF1 Gene in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
C. Davies, L. A. Hogarth, P. A. Dietrich, P. S. Bachmann, K. L. Mackenzie, A. G. Hall, and R. B. Lock (2011)
J. Biol. Chem.
286, 37639-37650
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Physical and Functional Antagonism between Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 and Fortilin, an Anti-apoptotic Protein.
Y. Chen, T. Fujita, D. Zhang, H. Doan, D. Pinkaew, Z. Liu, J. Wu, Y. Koide, A. Chiu, C. C.-J. Lin, et al. (2011)
J. Biol. Chem.
286, 32575-32585
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Mitochondrial translocation of Nur77 mediates cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Z. Cheng, M. Volkers, S. Din, D. Avitabile, M. Khan, N. Gude, S. Mohsin, T. Bo, S. Truffa, R. Alvarez, et al. (2011)
Eur. Heart J.
32, 2179-2188
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Resveratrol Induces p53-independent, X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (XIAP)-mediated Bax Protein Oligomerization on Mitochondria to Initiate Cytochrome c Release and Caspase Activation.
R. Gogada, V. Prabhu, M. Amadori, R. Scott, S. Hashmi, and D. Chandra (2011)
J. Biol. Chem.
286, 28749-28760
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Inhibition of {beta}-TrcP-dependent ubiquitination of p53 by HIV-1 Vpu promotes p53-mediated apoptosis in human T cells.
S. Verma, A. Ali, S. Arora, and A. C. Banerjea (2011)
Blood
117, 6600-6607
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
S. Compton, C. Kim, N. B. Griner, P. Potluri, I. E. Scheffler, S. Sen, D. J. Jerry, S. Schneider, and N. Yadava (2011)
J. Biol. Chem.
286, 20297-20312
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The small GTPase Rac1 is a novel binding partner of Bcl-2 and stabilizes its antiapoptotic activity.
R. Velaithan, J. Kang, J. L. Hirpara, T. Loh, B. C. Goh, M. Le Bras, C. Brenner, M.-V. Clement, and S. Pervaiz (2011)
Blood
117, 6214-6226
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The HSP90 Molecular Chaperone Cycle Regulates Cyclical Transcriptional Dynamics of the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Its Coregulatory Molecules CBP/p300 During Ultradian Ligand Treatment.
B. L. Conway-Campbell, C. L. George, J. R. Pooley, D. M. Knight, M. R. Norman, G. L. Hager, and S. L. Lightman (2011)
Mol. Endocrinol.
25, 944-954
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Low-Dose Valproic Acid Enhances Radiosensitivity of Prostate Cancer through Acetylated p53-Dependent Modulation of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Apoptosis.
X. Chen, J. Y. C. Wong, P. Wong, and E. H. Radany (2011)
Mol. Cancer Res.
9, 448-461
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Mitochondrial proteomic approach reveals galectin-7 as a novel BCL-2 binding protein in human cells.
C. Villeneuve, L. Baricault, L. Canelle, N. Barboule, C. Racca, B. Monsarrat, T. Magnaldo, and F. Larminat (2011)
Mol. Biol. Cell
22, 999-1013
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Luteolin ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice by regulation of p53-dependent renal tubular apoptosis.
K. P. Kang, S. K. Park, D. H. Kim, M. J. Sung, Y. J. Jung, A. S. Lee, J. E. Lee, K. M. Ramkumar, S. Lee, M. H. Park, et al. (2011)
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.
26, 814-822
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
BH3 Domains other than Bim and Bid Can Directly Activate Bax/Bak.
H. Du, J. Wolf, B. Schafer, T. Moldoveanu, J. E. Chipuk, and T. Kuwana (2011)
J. Biol. Chem.
286, 491-501
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Emerging complexity of microRNA generation cascades.
BAX and Tumor Suppressor TRP53 Are Important in Regulating Mutagenesis in Spermatogenic Cells in Mice.
G. Xu, K. S. Vogel, C. A. McMahan, D. C. Herbert, and C. A. Walter (2010)
Biol Reprod
83, 979-987
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Negatively Regulates Nox4-dependent Activation of p53 and Epithelial Cell Apoptosis in Diabetes.
A. A. Eid, B. M. Ford, K. Block, B. S. Kasinath, Y. Gorin, G. Ghosh-Choudhury, J. L. Barnes, and H. E. Abboud (2010)
J. Biol. Chem.
285, 37503-37512
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Inhibition of Bak Activation by VDAC2 Is Dependent on the Bak Transmembrane Anchor.
M. Lazarou, D. Stojanovski, A. E. Frazier, A. Kotevski, G. Dewson, W. J. Craigen, R. M. Kluck, D. L. Vaux, and M. T. Ryan (2010)
J. Biol. Chem.
285, 36876-36883
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Sodium Butyrate with UCN-01 Has Marked Antitumour Activity against Cervical Cancer Cells.
A.-Z. DECRION-BARTHOD, M. BOSSET, M.-L. PLISSONNIER, A. MARCHINI, M. NICOLIER, S. LAUNAY, J.-L. PRETET, J. ROMMELAERE, and C. MOUGIN (2010)
Anticancer Res
30, 4049-4061
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Glioma oncoprotein Bcl2L12 inhibits the p53 tumor suppressor.
A. H. Stegh, C. Brennan, J. A. Mahoney, K. L. Forloney, H. T. Jenq, J. P. Luciano, A. Protopopov, L. Chin, and R. A. DePinho (2010)
Genes & Dev.
24, 2194-2204
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The Calcium-binding Protein S100B Down-regulates p53 and Apoptosis in Malignant Melanoma.
J. Lin, Q. Yang, P. T. Wilder, F. Carrier, and D. J. Weber (2010)
J. Biol. Chem.
285, 27487-27498
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
ALS-linked mutant SOD1 damages mitochondria by promoting conformational changes in Bcl-2.
S. Pedrini, D. Sau, S. Guareschi, M. Bogush, R. H. Brown Jr, N. Naniche, A. Kia, D. Trotti, and P. Pasinelli (2010)
Hum. Mol. Genet.
19, 2974-2986
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The Mdm2-p53 relationship evolves: Mdm2 swings both ways as an oncogene and a tumor suppressor.
Regulation of Mitochondrial Apoptotic Events by p53-mediated Disruption of Complexes between Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Members and Bim.
J. Han, L. A. Goldstein, W. Hou, B. R. Gastman, and H. Rabinowich (2010)
J. Biol. Chem.
285, 22473-22483
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Mouse Models for the p53 R72P Polymorphism Mimic Human Phenotypes.
F. Zhu, M. E. T. Dolle, T. R. Berton, R. V. Kuiper, C. Capps, A. Espejo, M. J. McArthur, M. T. Bedford, H. van Steeg, A. de Vries, et al. (2010)
Cancer Res.
70, 5851-5859
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Perturbation of the Bcl-2 Network and an Induced Noxa/Bcl-xL Interaction Trigger Mitochondrial Dysfunction after DNA Damage.
H. Lopez, L. Zhang, N. M. George, X. Liu, X. Pang, J. J. D. Evans, N. M. Targy, and X. Luo (2010)
J. Biol. Chem.
285, 15016-15026
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Enhances the Apoptotic Activity of MDM2 Antagonist Nutlin-3a in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Expressing Wild-type p53.
T. Thompson, M. Andreeff, G. P. Studzinski, and L. T. Vassilev (2010)
Mol. Cancer Ther.
9, 1158-1168
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Distinct p53, p53:LANA, and LANA Complexes in Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lymphomas.
W. Chen, I. B. Hilton, M. R. Staudt, C. E. Burd, and D. P. Dittmer (2010)
J. Virol.
84, 3898-3908
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
K. C. Walls, A. P. Ghosh, A. V. Franklin, B. J. Klocke, M. Ballestas, J. J. Shacka, J. Zhang, and K. A. Roth (2010)
J. Biol. Chem.
285, 10497-10507
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The location of endogenous wild-type p53 protein in 293T and HEK293 cells expressing low-risk HPV-6E6 fusion protein with GFP.
L. Sun, X. Shen, Y. Liu, G. Zhang, J. Wei, H. Zhang, E. Zhang, and F. Ma (2010)
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin
42, 230-235
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
BclxL Changes Conformation upon Binding to Wild-type but Not Mutant p53 DNA Binding Domain.
F. Hagn, C. Klein, O. Demmer, N. Marchenko, A. Vaseva, U. M. Moll, and H. Kessler (2010)
J. Biol. Chem.
285, 3439-3450
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Bax Contains Two Functional Mitochondrial Targeting Sequences and Translocates to Mitochondria in a Conformational Change- and Homo-oligomerization-driven Process.
N. M. George, N. Targy, J. J. D. Evans, L. Zhang, and X. Luo (2010)
J. Biol. Chem.
285, 1384-1392
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
A. Morita, S. Yamamoto, B. Wang, K. Tanaka, N. Suzuki, S. Aoki, A. Ito, T. Nanao, S. Ohya, M. Yoshino, et al. (2010)
Cancer Res.
70, 257-265
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Leukocyte Elastase Induces Lung Epithelial Apoptosis via a PAR-1-, NF-{kappa}B-, and p53-Dependent Pathway.
T. Suzuki, C. Yamashita, R. L. Zemans, N. Briones, A. Van Linden, and G. P. Downey (2009) 41, 742-755
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Activation of Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 Is Required for Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus-Induced Apoptosis in M1-D Macrophages.
K.-N. Son, S. Pugazhenthi, and H. L. Lipton (2009)
J. Virol.
83, 10770-10777
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Inhibition of Hsp90 via 17-DMAG induces apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner to prevent medulloblastoma.
O. Ayrault, M. D. Godeny, C. Dillon, F. Zindy, P. Fitzgerald, M. F. Roussel, and H. M. Beere (2009)
PNAS
106, 17037-17042
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Pentagalloylglucose induces autophagy and caspase-independent programmed deaths in human PC-3 and mouse TRAMP-C2 prostate cancer cells.
H. Hu, Y. Chai, L. Wang, J. Zhang, H. J. Lee, S.-H. Kim, and J. Lu (2009)
Mol. Cancer Ther.
8, 2833-2843
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Central role of TRAF-interacting protein in a new model of brain sexual differentiation.
S. Krishnan, K. A. Intlekofer, L. K. Aggison, and S. L. Petersen (2009)
PNAS
106, 16692-16697
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Cardiac Glycosides Inhibit p53 Synthesis by a Mechanism Relieved by Src or MAPK Inhibition.
Z. Wang, M. Zheng, Z. Li, R. Li, L. Jia, X. Xiong, N. Southall, S. Wang, M. Xia, C. P. Austin, et al. (2009)
Cancer Res.
69, 6556-6564
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Mechanisms by which Bak and Bax permeabilise mitochondria during apoptosis.
siRNA Targeted to p53 Attenuates Ischemic and Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.
B. A. Molitoris, P. C. Dagher, R. M. Sandoval, S. B. Campos, H. Ashush, E. Fridman, A. Brafman, A. Faerman, S. J. Atkinson, J. D. Thompson, et al. (2009)
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
20, 1754-1764
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Acetylation of the DNA Binding Domain Regulates Transcription-independent Apoptosis by p53.
S. M. Sykes, T. J. Stanek, A. Frank, M. E. Murphy, and S. B. McMahon (2009)
J. Biol. Chem.
284, 20197-20205
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Molecular Regulation of DNA Damage-Induced Apoptosis in Neurons of Cerebral Cortex.
L. J. Martin, Z. Liu, J. Pipino, B. Chestnut, and M. A. Landek (2009)
Cereb Cortex
19, 1273-1293
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
p53 Acetylation Is Crucial for Its Transcription-independent Proapoptotic Functions.
H. Yamaguchi, N. T. Woods, L. G. Piluso, H.-H. Lee, J. Chen, K. N. Bhalla, A. Monteiro, X. Liu, M.-C. Hung, and H.-G. Wang (2009)
J. Biol. Chem.
284, 11171-11183
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Synaptic Activity-Mediated Suppression of p53 and Induction of Nuclear Calcium-Regulated Neuroprotective Genes Promote Survival through Inhibition of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition.
Induction of Proapoptotic Gene Expression and Recruitment of p53 Herald Ovarian Follicle Loss Caused by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
J. K. Pru, T. Kaneko-Tarui, A. Jurisicova, A. Kashiwagi, K. Selesniemi, and J. L. Tilly (2009)
Reproductive Sciences
16, 347-356
|Abstract »|PDF »
Transient Metabolic Alkalosis During Early Reperfusion Abolishes Helium Preconditioning Against Myocardial Infarction: Restoration of Cardioprotection by Cyclosporin A in Rabbits.
The Essential Role of p53 in Hyperpigmentation of the Skin via Regulation of Paracrine Melanogenic Cytokine Receptor Signaling.
D. Murase, A. Hachiya, Y. Amano, A. Ohuchi, T. Kitahara, and Y. Takema (2009)
J. Biol. Chem.
284, 4343-4353
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Mass Culture and Characterization of Tumor Cells From a Naturally Occurring Invertebrate Cancer Model: Applications for Human and Animal Disease and Environmental Health.
C. Walker, S. A. Bottger, J. Mulkern, E. Jerszyk, M. Litvaitis, and M. Lesser (2009)
Biol. Bull.
216, 23-39
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
MSL2 Promotes Mdm2-independent Cytoplasmic Localization of p53.
p53-mediated apoptosis of CLL cells: evidence for a transcription-independent mechanism.
A. J. Steele, A. G. Prentice, A. V. Hoffbrand, B. C. Yogashangary, S. M. Hart, E. P. Nacheva, J. D. Howard-Reeves, V. M. Duke, P. D. Kottaridis, K. Cwynarski, et al. (2008)
Blood
112, 3827-3834
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Concomitant inhibition of Mdm2-p53 interaction and Aurora kinases activates the p53-dependent postmitotic checkpoints and synergistically induces p53-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis along with reduced endoreduplication in acute myelogenous leukemia.
K. Kojima, M. Konopleva, T. Tsao, H. Nakakuma, and M. Andreeff (2008)
Blood
112, 2886-2895
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase or the Apoptotic Protein p53 Lowers the Threshold of Helium Cardioprotection In Vivo: The Role of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition.
P. S. Pagel, J. G. Krolikowski, P. F. Pratt Jr, Y. H. Shim, J. Amour, D. C. Warltier, and D. Weihrauch (2008)
Anesth. Analg.
107, 769-775
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Oligomerization of BAK by p53 Utilizes Conserved Residues of the p53 DNA Binding Domain.
E. C. Pietsch, E. Perchiniak, A. A. Canutescu, G. Wang, R. L. Dunbrack, and M. E. Murphy (2008)
J. Biol. Chem.
283, 21294-21304
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Cooperative Roles of c-Abl and Cdk5 in Regulation of p53 in Response to Oxidative Stress.
J.-H. Lee, M.-W. Jeong, W. Kim, Y. H. Choi, and K.-T. Kim (2008)
J. Biol. Chem.
283, 19826-19835
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Strong Neuroprotection by Inhibition of NF-{kappa}B After Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Involves Apoptotic Mechanisms but Is Independent of Cytokines.
C. H.A. Nijboer, C. J. Heijnen, F. Groenendaal, M. J. May, F. van Bel, and A. Kavelaars (2008)
Stroke
39, 2129-2137
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Focal Adhesion Kinase Versus p53: Apoptosis or Survival?.
Small Molecular Weight Variants of p53 Are Expressed in Human Melanoma Cells and Are Induced by the DNA-Damaging Agent Cisplatin.
K. A. Avery-Kiejda, X. D. Zhang, L. J. Adams, R. J. Scott, B. Vojtesek, D. P. Lane, and P. Hersey (2008)
Clin. Cancer Res.
14, 1659-1668
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Mechanism of Small Heat Shock Protein Function in Vivo: A KNOCK-IN MOUSE MODEL DEMONSTRATES THAT THE R49C MUTATION IN {alpha}A-CRYSTALLIN ENHANCES PROTEIN INSOLUBILITY AND CELL DEATH.
J.-h. Xi, F. Bai, J. Gross, R. R. Townsend, A. S. Menko, and U. P. Andley (2008)
J. Biol. Chem.
283, 5801-5814
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Cell Stress Gives a Red Light to the Mitochondrial Cell Death Pathway.
