Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.
Subscribe

Logo for

Science 308 (5728): 1626-1629

Copyright © 2005 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science

TLR11 Activation of Dendritic Cells by a Protozoan Profilin-Like Protein

Felix Yarovinsky,1* Dekai Zhang,3 John F. Andersen,2 Gerard L. Bannenberg,4{dagger} Charles N. Serhan,4 Matthew S. Hayden,3 Sara Hieny,1 Fayyaz S. Sutterwala,3 Richard A. Flavell,3 Sankar Ghosh,3 Alan Sher1*

Abstract: Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate recognition of pathogens by dendritic cells (DCs). Although TLRs are clearly involved in the detection of bacteria and viruses, relatively little is known about their function in the innate response to eukaryotic microorganisms. Here we identify a profilin-like molecule from the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii that generates a potent interleukin-12 (IL-12) response in murine DCs that is dependent on myeloid differentiation factor 88. T. gondii profilin activates DCs through TLR11 and is the first chemically defined ligand for this TLR. Moreover, TLR11 is required in vivo for parasite-induced IL-12 production and optimal resistance to infection, thereby establishing a role for the receptor in host recognition of protozoan pathogens.

1 Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
2 Medical Entomology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
3 Section of Immunobiology and Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
4 Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

{dagger} Present address: Departamento Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: asher{at}niaid.nih.gov (A.S.); fyarovinsky{at}niaid.nih.gov (F.Y.)

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Immune-neural connections: how the immune system's response to infectious agents influences behavior.
R. H. McCusker and K. W. Kelley (2013)
J. Exp. Biol. 216, 84-98
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
UNC93B1 mediates differential trafficking of endosomal TLRs.
B. L. Lee, J. E. Moon, J. H. Shu, L. Yuan, Z. R. Newman, R. Schekman, and G. M. Barton (2013)
eLife Sci 2, e00291
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Association of a NOD2 Gene Polymorphism and T-Helper 17 Cells With Presumed Ocular Toxoplasmosis.
M. S. Dutra, S. R. Bela, A. L. Peixoto-Rangel, M. Fakiola, A. G. Cruz, A. Gazzinelli, H. F. Quites, L. M. G. Bahia-Oliveira, R. G. Peixe, W. R. Campos, et al. (2013)
The Journal of Infectious Disease 207, 152-163
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Toll-like Receptor 11 (TLR11) Prevents Salmonella Penetration into the Murine Peyer Patches.
Z. Shi, Z. Cai, J. Yu, T. Zhang, S. Zhao, E. Smeds, Q. Zhang, F. Wang, C. Zhao, S. Fu, et al. (2012)
J. Biol. Chem. 287, 43417-43423
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sequence specific detection of bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA by TLR13.
X.-D. Li and Z. J. Chen (2012)
eLife Sci 1, e00102
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Impaired Innate Immunity in Mice Deficient in Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 Leads to Defective Type 1 T Cell Responses, B Cell Expansion, and Enhanced Susceptibility to Infection with Toxoplasma gondii.
S. R. Bela, M. S. Dutra, E. Mui, A. Montpetit, F. S. Oliveira, S. C. Oliveira, R. M. E. Arantes, L. R. Antonelli, R. McLeod, and R. T. Gazzinelli (2012)
Infect. Immun. 80, 4298-4308
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TLR15 Is Unique to Avian and Reptilian Lineages and Recognizes a Yeast-Derived Agonist.
A. C. Boyd, M. Y. Peroval, J. A. Hammond, M. D. Prickett, J. R. Young, and A. L. Smith (2012)
J. Immunol. 189, 4930-4938
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Toll-like receptors in the host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection and cystic fibrosis.
S. M. McIsaac, A. W. Stadnyk, and T.-J. Lin (2012)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 92, 977-985
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Trefoil Factor 2 Negatively Regulates Type 1 Immunity against Toxoplasma gondii.
C. McBerry, C. E. Egan, R. Rani, Y. Yang, D. Wu, N. Boespflug, L. Boon, B. Butcher, J. Mirpuri, S. P. Hogan, et al. (2012)
J. Immunol. 189, 3078-3084
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TLR9 and MyD88 Are Crucial for the Development of Protective Immunity to Malaria.
N. M. Gowda, X. Wu, and D. C. Gowda (2012)
J. Immunol. 188, 5073-5085
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Asp299Gly Polymorphism Alters TLR4 Signaling by Interfering with Recruitment of MyD88 and TRIF.
L. Figueroa, Y. Xiong, C. Song, W. Piao, S. N. Vogel, and A. E. Medvedev (2012)
J. Immunol. 188, 4506-4515
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays Based on Neospora caninum Dense Granule Protein 7 and Profilin for Estimating the Stage of Neosporosis.
J. Hiasa, M. Nishimura, K. Itamoto, X. Xuan, H. Inokuma, and Y. Nishikawa (2012)
Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 19, 411-417
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Inside Job: Hacking into Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signaling Cascades by the Intracellular Protozoan Toxoplasma gondii.
E. Y. Denkers, D. J. Bzik, B. A. Fox, and B. A. Butcher (2012)
Infect. Immun. 80, 476-482
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Innate Immune Activation and Thyroid Autoimmunity.
A. Kawashima, K. Tanigawa, T. Akama, A. Yoshihara, N. Ishii, and K. Suzuki (2011)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 3661-3671
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Toxoplasma gondii Induces B7-2 Expression through Activation of JNK Signal Transduction.
P. Morgado, Y.-C. Ong, J. C. Boothroyd, and M. B. Lodoen (2011)
Infect. Immun. 79, 4401-4412
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification and Immunological Characterization of Three Potential Vaccinogens against Cryptosporidium Species.
P. A. Manque, F. Tenjo, U. Woehlbier, A. M. Lara, M. G. Serrano, P. Xu, J. M. Alves, R. B. Smeltz, D. H. Conrad, and G. A. Buck (2011)
Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 18, 1796-1802
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Innate Immunity in the Respiratory Epithelium.
D. Parker and A. Prince (2011)
45, 189-201
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increased Disease Severity of Parasite-Infected TLR2-/- Mice Is Correlated with Decreased Central Nervous System Inflammation and Reduced Numbers of Cells with Alternatively Activated Macrophage Phenotypes in a Murine Model of Neurocysticercosis.
U. M. Gundra, B. B. Mishra, K. Wong, and J. M. Teale (2011)
Infect. Immun. 79, 2586-2596
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Novel Aminosaccharide Compound Blocks Immune Responses by Toll-like Receptors and Nucleotide-binding Domain, Leucine-rich Repeat Proteins.
K.-H. Lee, Y.-J. Liu, A. Biswas, C. Ogawa, and K. S. Kobayashi (2011)
J. Biol. Chem. 286, 5727-5735
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Novel Toll-like Receptor That Recognizes Vesicular Stomatitis Virus.
Z. Shi, Z. Cai, A. Sanchez, T. Zhang, S. Wen, J. Wang, J. Yang, S. Fu, and D. Zhang (2011)
J. Biol. Chem. 286, 4517-4524
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
UNC93B1 Is Essential for TLR11 Activation and IL-12-dependent Host Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii.
R. Pifer, A. Benson, C. R. Sturge, and F. Yarovinsky (2011)
J. Biol. Chem. 286, 3307-3314
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Critical coordination of innate immune defense against Toxoplasma gondii by dendritic cells responding via their Toll-like receptors.
B. Hou, A. Benson, L. Kuzmich, A. L. DeFranco, and F. Yarovinsky (2011)
PNAS 108, 278-283
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dendritic Cell Activation Prevents MHC Class II Ubiquitination and Promotes MHC Class II Survival Regardless of the Activation Stimulus.
E. Walseng, K. Furuta, R. S. Goldszmid, K. A. Weih, A. Sher, and P. A. Roche (2010)
J. Biol. Chem. 285, 41749-41754
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mouse CD8{alpha}+ DCs and human BDCA3+ DCs are major producers of IFN-{lambda} in response to poly IC.
H. Lauterbach, B. Bathke, S. Gilles, C. Traidl-Hoffmann, C. A. Luber, G. Fejer, M. A. Freudenberg, G. M. Davey, D. Vremec, A. Kallies, et al. (2010)
J. Exp. Med. 207, 2703-2717
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Unique Feature of Toll/IL-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adaptor Protein Is Partially Responsible for Lipopolysaccharide Insensitivity in Zebrafish with a Highly Conserved Function of Myd88.
Y. Liu, M. Li, S. Fan, Y. Lin, B. Lin, F. Luo, C. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. Li, and A. Xu (2010)
J. Immunol. 185, 3391-3400
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Toxoplasma gondii Cyclophilin 18 Regulates the Proliferation and Migration of Murine Macrophages and Spleen Cells.
H. M. Ibrahim, X. Xuan, and Y. Nishikawa (2010)
Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 17, 1322-1329
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CX3CR1+ CD8{alpha}+ dendritic cells are a steady-state population related to plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
L. Bar-On, T. Birnberg, K. L. Lewis, B. T. Edelson, D. Bruder, K. Hildner, J. Buer, K. M. Murphy, B. Reizis, and S. Jung (2010)
PNAS 107, 14745-14750
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chicken TLR21 Is an Innate CpG DNA Receptor Distinct from Mammalian TLR9.
A. M. Keestra, M. R. de Zoete, L. I. Bouwman, and J. P. M. van Putten (2010)
J. Immunol. 185, 460-467
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Waging War against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: Winning Back the Urinary Tract.
K. E. Sivick and H. L. T. Mobley (2010)
Infect. Immun. 78, 568-585
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TLR4-Mediated Podosome Loss Discriminates Gram-Negative from Gram-Positive Bacteria in Their Capacity to Induce Dendritic Cell Migration and Maturation.
S. F. G. van Helden, K. van den Dries, M. M. Oud, R. A. P. Raymakers, M. G. Netea, F. N. van Leeuwen, and C. G. Figdor (2010)
J. Immunol. 184, 1280-1291
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Early Response of Mucosal Epithelial Cells during Toxoplasma gondii Infection.
C.-H. Ju, A. Chockalingam, and C. A. Leifer (2009)
J. Immunol. 183, 7420-7427
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional Regulation of Tlr11 Gene Expression in Epithelial Cells.
Z. Cai, Z. Shi, A. Sanchez, T. Zhang, M. Liu, J. Yang, F. Wang, and D. Zhang (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 33088-33096
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A single polymorphic amino acid on Toxoplasma gondii kinase ROP16 determines the direct and strain-specific activation of Stat3.
M. Yamamoto, D. M. Standley, S. Takashima, H. Saiga, M. Okuyama, H. Kayama, E. Kubo, H. Ito, M. Takaura, T. Matsuda, et al. (2009)
J. Exp. Med. 206, 2747-2760
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Protein Kinase CK2 Regulates Cytoskeletal Reorganization during Ionizing Radiation-Induced Senescence of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
D. Wang and D.-J. Jang (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 8200-8207
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Toxoplasma gondii Cyclophilin 18-Mediated Production of Nitric Oxide Induces Bradyzoite Conversion in a CCR5-Dependent Manner.
H. M. Ibrahim, H. Bannai, X. Xuan, and Y. Nishikawa (2009)
Infect. Immun. 77, 3686-3695
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional Regulation of the Novel Toll-like Receptor Tlr13.
Z. Shi, Z. Cai, S. Wen, C. Chen, C. Gendron, A. Sanchez, K. Patterson, S. Fu, J. Yang, D. Wildman, et al. (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 20540-20547
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The origins of apicomplexan sequence innovation.
J. Wasmuth, J. Daub, J. M. Peregrin-Alvarez, C. A.M. Finney, and J. Parkinson (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 1202-1213
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pathogen Recognition and Inflammatory Signaling in Innate Immune Defenses.
T. H. Mogensen (2009)
Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 22, 240-273
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recombinant Ov-ASP-1, a Th1-Biased Protein Adjuvant Derived from the Helminth Onchocerca volvulus, Can Directly Bind and Activate Antigen-Presenting Cells.
Y. He, S. J. Barker, A. J. MacDonald, Y. Yu, L. Cao, J. Li, R. Parhar, S. Heck, S. Hartmann, D. T. Golenbock, et al. (2009)
J. Immunol. 182, 4005-4016
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The roles of TLRs, RLRs and NLRs in pathogen recognition.
T. Kawai and S. Akira (2009)
Int. Immunol. 21, 317-337
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TLRs and innate immunity.
B. A. Beutler (2009)
Blood 113, 1399-1407
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Dependent Inhibition of Dendritic Cell Interleukin-12 Production by Giardia lamblia.
J. D. Kamda and S. M. Singer (2009)
Infect. Immun. 77, 685-693
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Toxoplasma gondii Prevents Chromatin Remodeling Initiated by TLR-Triggered Macrophage Activation.
J. Leng, B. A. Butcher, C. E. Egan, D. S. Abi Abdallah, and E. Y. Denkers (2009)
J. Immunol. 182, 489-497
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recognition of Toxoplasma gondii by TLR11 Prevents Parasite-Induced Immunopathology.
F. Yarovinsky, S. Hieny, and A. Sher (2008)
J. Immunol. 181, 8478-8484
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dendritic Cells Expressing Plasmacytoid Marker PDCA-1 Are Trojan Horses during Toxoplasma gondii Infection.
A. L. Bierly, W. J. Shufesky, W. Sukhumavasi, A. E. Morelli, and E. Y. Denkers (2008)
J. Immunol. 181, 8485-8491
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression Patterns and Functions of Toll-Like Receptors in Mouse Sertoli Cells.
H. Wu, H. Wang, W. Xiong, S. Chen, H. Tang, and D. Han (2008)
Endocrinology 149, 4402-4412
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TLR Adaptor MyD88 Is Essential for Pathogen Control during Oral Toxoplasma gondii Infection but Not Adaptive Immunity Induced by a Vaccine Strain of the Parasite.
W. Sukhumavasi, C. E. Egan, A. L. Warren, G. A. Taylor, B. A. Fox, D. J. Bzik, and E. Y. Denkers (2008)
J. Immunol. 181, 3464-3473
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phase I Study and Preliminary Pharmacology of the Novel Innate Immune Modulator rBBX-01 in Gynecologic Cancers.
J. S. Rader, C. F. Aylsworth, D. A. Juckett, D. G. Mutch, M. A. Powell, L. Lippmann, and N. V. Dimitrov (2008)
Clin. Cancer Res. 14, 3089-3097
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Are Activated by Toxoplasma gondii to Present Antigen and Produce Cytokines.
M. Pepper, F. Dzierszinski, E. Wilson, E. Tait, Q. Fang, F. Yarovinsky, T. M. Laufer, D. Roos, and C. A. Hunter (2008)
J. Immunol. 180, 6229-6236
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
T cell expression of MyD88 is required for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii.
D. F. LaRosa, J. S. Stumhofer, A. E. Gelman, A. H. Rahman, D. K. Taylor, C. A. Hunter, and L. A. Turka (2008)
PNAS 105, 3855-3860
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Review Article: Expression and Function of Toll-Like Receptors at the Maternal--Fetal Interface.
K. Koga and G. Mor (2008)
Reproductive Sciences 15, 231-242
   Abstract »    PDF »
Malaria Parasites Require TLR9 Signaling for Immune Evasion by Activating Regulatory T Cells.
H. Hisaeda, K. Tetsutani, T. Imai, C. Moriya, L. Tu, S. Hamano, X. Duan, B. Chou, H. Ishida, A. Aramaki, et al. (2008)
J. Immunol. 180, 2496-2503
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of MyD88 Adapter-like (Mal) Is Critical for Signal Transduction and Blocked in Endotoxin Tolerance.
W. Piao, C. Song, H. Chen, L. M. Wahl, K. A. Fitzgerald, L. A. O'Neill, and A. E. Medvedev (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 3109-3119
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase-Dependent, MyD88-Independent Induction of CC-Type Chemokines Characterizes the Macrophage Response to Toxoplasma gondii Strains with High Virulence.
C. W. Lee, W. Sukhumavasi, and E. Y. Denkers (2007)
Infect. Immun. 75, 5788-5797
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Salmonella Flagellin Induces Bystander Activation of Splenic Dendritic Cells and Hinders Bacterial Replication In Vivo.
R.-M. Salazar-Gonzalez, A. Srinivasan, A. Griffin, G. Muralimohan, J. M. Ertelt, R. Ravindran, A. T. Vella, and S. J. McSorley (2007)
J. Immunol. 179, 6169-6175
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Exosomes released from macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens stimulate a proinflammatory response in vitro and in vivo.
S. Bhatnagar, K. Shinagawa, F. J. Castellino, and J. S. Schorey (2007)
Blood 110, 3234-3244
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mouse Neutrophils Require JNK2 MAPK for Toxoplasma gondii-Induced IL-12p40 and CCL2/MCP-1 Release.
W. Sukhumavasi, C. E. Egan, and E. Y. Denkers (2007)
J. Immunol. 179, 3570-3577
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of TLR2 and TLR4 by Glycosylphosphatidylinositols Derived from Toxoplasma gondii.
F. Debierre-Grockiego, M. A. Campos, N. Azzouz, J. Schmidt, U. Bieker, M. G. Resende, D. S. Mansur, R. Weingart, R. R. Schmidt, D. T. Golenbock, et al. (2007)
J. Immunol. 179, 1129-1137
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TLR Agonists Selectively Promote Terminal Plasma Cell Differentiation of B Cell Subsets Specialized in Thymus-Independent Responses.
L. Genestier, M. Taillardet, P. Mondiere, H. Gheit, C. Bella, and T. Defrance (2007)
J. Immunol. 178, 7779-7786
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Diacylglycerol kinase {zeta} regulates microbial recognition and host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii.
C.-H. Liu, F. S. Machado, R. Guo, K. E. Nichols, A. W. Burks, J. C. Aliberti, and X.-P. Zhong (2007)
J. Exp. Med. 204, 781-792
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gadd45{alpha} Regulates p38-Dependent Dendritic Cell Cytokine Production and Th1 Differentiation.
L. Jirmanova, D. Jankovic, A. J. Fornace Jr., and J. D. Ashwell (2007)
J. Immunol. 178, 4153-4158
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chlamydia muridarum Infection Elicits a Beta Interferon Response in Murine Oviduct Epithelial Cells Dependent on Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 and TRIF.
W. A. Derbigny, S.-C. Hong, M. S. Kerr, M. Temkit, and R. M. Johnson (2007)
Infect. Immun. 75, 1280-1290
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Immunostimulatory RNA is a potent inducer of antigen-specific cytotoxic and humoral immune response in vivo.
S. Hamm, A. Heit, M. Koffler, K. M. Huster, S. Akira, D. H. Busch, H. Wagner, and S. Bauer (2007)
Int. Immunol. 19, 297-304
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Review: Pathogen-associated molecular pattern contamination as putative endogenous ligands of Toll-like receptors.
M.-F. Tsan and Baochong Gao (2007)
Innate Immunity 13, 6-14
   Abstract »    PDF »
Menstrual cycle-dependent changes of Toll-like receptors in endometrium.
R. Aflatoonian, E. Tuckerman, S.L. Elliott, C. Bruce, A. Aflatoonian, T.C. Li, and A. Fazeli (2007)
Hum. Reprod. 22, 586-593
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ikaros is required for plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation.
D. Allman, M. Dalod, C. Asselin-Paturel, T. Delale, S. H. Robbins, G. Trinchieri, C. A. Biron, P. Kastner, and S. Chan (2006)
Blood 108, 4025-4034
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells express TLR9 and react directly to the CpG-A oligonucleotide D19.
V. Hoene, M. Peiser, and R. Wanner (2006)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 80, 1328-1336
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Macrophages and Myeloid Dendritic Cells, but Not Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, Produce IL-10 in Response to MyD88- and TRIF-Dependent TLR Signals, and TLR-Independent Signals.
A. Boonstra, R. Rajsbaum, M. Holman, R. Marques, C. Asselin-Paturel, J. P. Pereira, E. E. M. Bates, S. Akira, P. Vieira, Y.-J. Liu, et al. (2006)
J. Immunol. 177, 7551-7558
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Roles of the small intestine for induction of toll-like receptor 4-mediated innate resistance in naturally acquired murine toxoplasmosis.
T. Furuta, T. Kikuchi, S. Akira, N. Watanabe, and Y. Yoshikawa (2006)
Int. Immunol. 18, 1655-1662
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Host cell Ca2+ and protein kinase C regulate innate recognition of Toxoplasma gondii.
K. S. Masek, J. Fiore, M. Leitges, S.-F. Yan, B. D. Freedman, and C. A. Hunter (2006)
J. Cell Sci. 119, 4565-4573
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Immunostimulatory combinations: designing the next generation of vaccine adjuvants.
R. S. Kornbluth and G. W. Stone (2006)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 80, 1084-1102
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of Innate Immunity against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection via Local Delivery of Toll-Like Receptor Ligands Correlates with Beta Interferon Production.
N. Gill, P. M. Deacon, B. Lichty, K. L. Mossman, and A. A. Ashkar (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 9943-9950
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Toxoplasma gondii Genotype Determines MyD88-Dependent Signaling in Infected Macrophages.
L. Kim, B. A. Butcher, C. W. Lee, S. Uematsu, S. Akira, and E. Y. Denkers (2006)
J. Immunol. 177, 2584-2591
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Invited review: Roles for accessory molecules in microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors.
K. Miyake (2006)
Innate Immunity 12, 195-204
   Abstract »    PDF »
New insights into the regulation of TLR signaling.
S. M. Miggin and L. A. J. O'Neill (2006)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 80, 220-226
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Toxoplasma gondii Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor 4 Ligand-Induced Mobilization of Intracellular Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha to the Surface of Mouse Peritoneal Neutrophils.
S. Bennouna, W. Sukhumavasi, and E. Y. Denkers (2006)
Infect. Immun. 74, 4274-4281
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cutting Edge: Dendritic Cells Are Essential for In Vivo IL-12 Production and Development of Resistance against Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Mice.
C.-H. Liu, Y.-t. Fan, A. Dias, L. Esper, R. A. Corn, A. Bafica, F. S. Machado, and J. Aliberti (2006)
J. Immunol. 177, 31-35
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distinct indirect pathways govern human NK-cell activation by TLR-7 and TLR-8 agonists.
K. S. Gorski, E. L. Waller, J. Bjornton-Severson, J. A. Hanten, C. L. Riter, W. C. Kieper, K. B. Gorden, J. S. Miller, J. P. Vasilakos, M. A. Tomai, et al. (2006)
Int. Immunol. 18, 1115-1126
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) and Responsiveness to TLR Agonists by Polarized Mouse Uterine Epithelial Cells in Culture.
G. Soboll, L. Shen, and C. R. Wira (2006)
Biol Reprod 75, 131-139
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TLR9 Is Required for the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Response following Oral Infection of Toxoplasma gondii..
L. A. Minns, L. C. Menard, D. M. Foureau, S. Darche, C. Ronet, D. W. Mielcarz, D. Buzoni-Gatel, and L. H. Kasper (2006)
J. Immunol. 176, 7589-7597
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recombinant Eimeria Protozoan Protein Elicits Resistance to Acute Phlebovirus Infection in Mice but Not Hamsters.
B. B. Gowen, D. F. Smee, M.-H. Wong, J. W. Judge, K.-H. Jung, K. W. Bailey, A. M. Pace, B. Rosenberg, and R. W. Sidwell (2006)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50, 2023-2029
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Invited review: Tolerance to microbial TLR ligands: molecular mechanisms and relevance to disease.
A. E. Medvedev, I. Sabroe, J. D. Hasday, and S. N. Vogel (2006)
Innate Immunity 12, 133-150
   Abstract »    PDF »
Toxoplasma gondii triggers Gi-dependent PI 3-kinase signaling required for inhibition of host cell apoptosis.
L. Kim and E. Y. Denkers (2006)
J. Cell Sci. 119, 2119-2126
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Invited review: MDP and other muropeptides direct and synergistic effects on the immune system.
S. Traub, S. von Aulock, T. Hartung, and C. Hermann (2006)
Innate Immunity 12, 69-85
   Abstract »    PDF »
Induction of a Novel Chicken Toll-Like Receptor following Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection.
R. Higgs, P. Cormican, S. Cahalane, B. Allan, A. T. Lloyd, K. Meade, T. James, D. J. Lynn, L. A. Babiuk, and C. O'Farrelly (2006)
Infect. Immun. 74, 1692-1698
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Screening for Toxoplasma gondii-Regulated Transcriptional Responses in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Macrophages.
C. W. Lee, S. Bennouna, and E. Y. Denkers (2006)
Infect. Immun. 74, 1916-1923
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 by Toxoplasma gondii Contributes to Immune Evasion in Macrophages by Blocking IFN-{gamma} Signaling.
S. Zimmermann, P. J. Murray, K. Heeg, and A. H. Dalpke (2006)
J. Immunol. 176, 1840-1847
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MyD88-Dependent Pathways Mediate Resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Mice.
K. A. Rogers, A. B. Rogers, B. A. Leav, A. Sanchez, E. Vannier, S. Uematsu, S. Akira, D. Golenbock, and H. D. Ward (2006)
Infect. Immun. 74, 549-556
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Natural killer cell and macrophage cooperation in MyD88-dependent innate responses to Plasmodium falciparum.
M. Baratin, S. Roetynck, C. Lepolard, C. Falk, S. Sawadogo, S. Uematsu, S. Akira, B. Ryffel, J.-G. Tiraby, L. Alexopoulou, et al. (2005)
PNAS 102, 14747-14752
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dendritic cells star in Vancouver.
E. Klechevsky, H. Kato, and A.-M. Sponaas (2005)
J. Exp. Med. 202, 5-10
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »

To Advertise     Find Products

Science Signaling. ISSN 1937-9145 (online), 1945-0877 (print). Pre-2008: Science's STKE. ISSN 1525-8882