Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.
Modulation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Abundance by a Liver-Specific MicroRNA
Catherine L. Jopling,1
MinKyung Yi,2
Alissa M. Lancaster,1
Stanley M. Lemon,2
Peter Sarnow1*
Abstract:
MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that regulate messenger RNA(mRNA) expression. MicroRNA 122 (miR-122) is specifically expressedand highly abundant in the human liver. We show that the sequestrationof miR-122 in liver cells results in marked loss of autonomouslyreplicating hepatitis C viral RNAs. A genetic interaction betweenmiR-122 and the 5' noncoding region of the viral genome wasrevealed by mutational analyses of the predicted microRNA bindingsite and ectopic expression of miR-122 molecules containingcompensatory mutations. Studies with replication-defective RNAssuggested that miR-122 did not detectably affect mRNA translationor RNA stability. Therefore, miR-122 is likely to facilitatereplication of the viral RNA, suggesting that miR-122 may presenta target for antiviral intervention.
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. 2 Center for Hepatitis Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: psarnow{at}stanford.edu
The editors suggest the following Related Resources on Science sites:
In Science Magazine
INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE
Guy Riddihough (2 September 2005) Science309 (5740), 1507.
[DOI: 10.1126/science.309.5740.1507] |Summary »|PDF »
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Modulation of GB Virus B RNA Abundance by MicroRNA-122: Dependence on and Escape from MicroRNA-122 Restriction.
Human La Protein Interaction with GCAC near the Initiator AUG Enhances Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication by Promoting Linkage between 5' and 3' Untranslated Regions.
Systematic Analysis of Enhancer and Critical cis-Acting RNA Elements in the Protein-Encoding Region of the Hepatitis C Virus Genome.
D. Chu, S. Ren, S. Hu, W. G. Wang, A. Subramanian, D. Contreras, V. Kanagavel, E. Chung, J. Ko, R. S. Amirtham Jacob Appadorai, et al. (2013)
J. Virol.
87, 5678-5696
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Human MicroRNA hsa-miR-296-5p Suppresses Enterovirus 71 Replication by Targeting the Viral Genome.
Z. Zheng, X. Ke, M. Wang, S. He, Q. Li, C. Zheng, Z. Zhang, Y. Liu, and H. Wang (2013)
J. Virol.
87, 5645-5656
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Serum microRNA-122 level correlates with virologic responses to pegylated interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C.
T.-H. Su, C.-H. Liu, C.-J. Liu, C.-L. Chen, T.-T. Ting, T.-C. Tseng, P.-J. Chen, J.-H. Kao, and D.-S. Chen (2013)
PNAS
110, 7844-7849
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
MicroRNA-27a Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Human Hepatoma Cells.
T. Shirasaki, M. Honda, T. Shimakami, R. Horii, T. Yamashita, Y. Sakai, A. Sakai, H. Okada, R. Watanabe, S. Murakami, et al. (2013)
J. Virol.
87, 5270-5286
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Non-coding RNAs in homeostasis, disease and stress responses: an evolutionary perspective.
P. P. Amaral, M. E. Dinger, and J. S. Mattick (2013)
Briefings in Functional Genomics
12, 254-278
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Host microRNA molecular signatures associated with human H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses reveal an unanticipated antiviral activity for miR-146a.
O. Terrier, J. Textoris, C. Carron, V. Marcel, J.-C. Bourdon, and M. Rosa-Calatrava (2013)
J. Gen. Virol.
94, 985-995
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
In-Depth Analysis of the Interaction of HIV-1 with Cellular microRNA Biogenesis and Effector Mechanisms.
A. W. Whisnant, H. P. Bogerd, O. Flores, P. Ho, J. G. Powers, N. Sharova, M. Stevenson, C.-H. Chen, and B. R. Cullen (2013)
mBio
4, e00193-13
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Identification of a previously undescribed divergent virus from the Flaviviridae family in an outbreak of equine serum hepatitis.
S. Chandriani, P. Skewes-Cox, W. Zhong, D. E. Ganem, T. J. Divers, A. J. Van Blaricum, B. C. Tennant, and A. L. Kistler (2013)
PNAS
110, E1407-E1415
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Identification of Rodent Homologs of Hepatitis C Virus and Pegiviruses.
A. Kapoor, P. Simmonds, T. K. H. Scheel, B. Hjelle, J. M. Cullen, P. D. Burbelo, L. V. Chauhan, R. Duraisamy, M. Sanchez Leon, K. Jain, et al. (2013)
mBio
4, e00216-13
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Unconventional miR-122 binding stabilizes the HCV genome by forming a trimolecular RNA structure.
MiR-10a* up-regulates coxsackievirus B3 biosynthesis by targeting the 3D-coding sequence.
L. Tong, L. Lin, S. Wu, Z. Guo, T. Wang, Y. Qin, R. Wang, X. Zhong, X. Wu, Y. Wang, et al. (2013)
Nucleic Acids Res.
41, 3760-3771
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Promotion of Hendra Virus Replication by MicroRNA 146a.
C. R. Stewart, G. A. Marsh, K. A. Jenkins, M. P. Gantier, M. L. Tizard, D. Middleton, J. W. Lowenthal, J. Haining, L. Izzard, T. J. Gough, et al. (2013)
J. Virol.
87, 3782-3791
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Competing and noncompeting activities of miR-122 and the 5' exonuclease Xrn1 in regulation of hepatitis C virus replication.
Y. Li, T. Masaki, D. Yamane, D. R. McGivern, and S. M. Lemon (2013)
PNAS
110, 1881-1886
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
miR-122 is more than a shield for the hepatitis C virus genome.
A. Garcia-Sastre and M. J. Evans (2013)
PNAS
110, 1571-1572
|Full Text »|PDF »
Increasing Expression of MicroRNA 181 Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication and Has Implications for Controlling Virus Infection.
X.-k. Guo, Q. Zhang, L. Gao, N. Li, X.-x. Chen, and W.-h. Feng (2013)
J. Virol.
87, 1159-1171
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Tinkering with Translation: Protein Synthesis in Virus-Infected Cells.
D. Walsh, M. B. Mathews, and I. Mohr (2013)
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
5, a012351
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Regulates Human MicroRNAs by Using Mechanisms Involving Beta Interferon and NF-{kappa}B.
N. J. Thornburg, S. L. Hayward, and J. E. Crowe Jr. (2012)
mBio
3, e00220-12
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
A Small-RNA Enhancer of Viral Polymerase Activity.
J. T. Perez, I. Zlatev, S. Aggarwal, S. Subramanian, R. Sachidanandam, B. Kim, M. Manoharan, and B. R. tenOever (2012)
J. Virol.
86, 13475-13485
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The extent of sequence complementarity correlates with the potency of cellular miRNA-mediated restriction of HIV-1.
L. Houzet, Z. Klase, M. L. Yeung, A. Wu, S.-Y. Le, M. Quinones, and K.-T. Jeang (2012)
Nucleic Acids Res.
40, 11684-11696
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Functional Analysis of a Crustacean MicroRNA in Host-Virus Interactions.
Reconstitution of the Entire Hepatitis C Virus Life Cycle in Nonhepatic Cells.
D. Da Costa, M. Turek, D. J. Felmlee, E. Girardi, S. Pfeffer, G. Long, R. Bartenschlager, M. B. Zeisel, and T. F. Baumert (2012)
J. Virol.
86, 11919-11925
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
HIV-1 Replication and APOBEC3 Antiviral Activity Are Not Regulated by P Bodies.
P. K. Phalora, N. M. Sherer, S. M. Wolinsky, C. M. Swanson, and M. H. Malim (2012)
J. Virol.
86, 11712-11724
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
MicroRNA-221/222 upregulation indicates the activation of stellate cells and the progression of liver fibrosis.
T. Ogawa, M. Enomoto, H. Fujii, Y. Sekiya, K. Yoshizato, K. Ikeda, and N. Kawada (2012)
Gut
61, 1600-1609
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Convergent repression of Foxp2 3'UTR by miR-9 and miR-132 in embryonic mouse neocortex: implications for radial migration of neurons.
Y. M. Clovis, W. Enard, F. Marinaro, W. B. Huttner, and D. De Pietri Tonelli (2012)
Development
139, 3332-3342
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The Multiple Functions of TRBP, at the Hub of Cell Responses to Viruses, Stress, and Cancer.
S. M. Daniels and A. Gatignol (2012)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.
76, 652-666
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Prioritizing cancer-related key miRNA-target interactions by integrative genomics.
Y. Xiao, J. Guan, Y. Ping, C. Xu, T. Huang, H. Zhao, H. Fan, Y. Li, Y. Lv, T. Zhao, et al. (2012)
Nucleic Acids Res.
40, 7653-7665
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatic cell-to-cell transmission of small silencing RNA can extend the therapeutic reach of RNA interference (RNAi).
Q. Pan, V. Ramakrishnaiah, S. Henry, S. Fouraschen, P. E. de Ruiter, J. Kwekkeboom, H. W. Tilanus, H. L. A. Janssen, and L. J. W. van der Laan (2012)
Gut
61, 1330-1339
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Expression of MicroRNA miR-122 Facilitates an Efficient Replication in Nonhepatic Cells upon Infection with Hepatitis C Virus.
T. Fukuhara, H. Kambara, M. Shiokawa, C. Ono, H. Katoh, E. Morita, D. Okuzaki, Y. Maehara, K. Koike, and Y. Matsuura (2012)
J. Virol.
86, 7918-7933
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
High-Throughput Luciferase Reporter Assay for Small-Molecule Inhibitors of MicroRNA Function.
C. M. Connelly, M. Thomas, and A. Deiters (2012)
J Biomol Screen
17, 822-828
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Base Pairing between Hepatitis C Virus RNA and MicroRNA 122 3' of Its Seed Sequence Is Essential for Genome Stabilization and Production of Infectious Virus.
T. Shimakami, D. Yamane, C. Welsch, L. Hensley, R. K. Jangra, and S. M. Lemon (2012)
J. Virol.
86, 7372-7383
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Murine cytomegalovirus infection of cultured mouse cells induces expression of miR-7a.
MicroRNA-155 Is Required for Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Mediated Apoptosis of Macrophages.
D. S. Ghorpade, R. Leyland, M. Kurowska-Stolarska, S. A. Patil, and K. N. Balaji (2012)
Mol. Cell. Biol.
32, 2239-2253
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Temporal- and Strain-Specific Host MicroRNA Molecular Signatures Associated with Swine-Origin H1N1 and Avian-Origin H7N7 Influenza A Virus Infection.
E.-K. Loveday, V. Svinti, S. Diederich, J. Pasick, and F. Jean (2012)
J. Virol.
86, 6109-6122
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Serology-Enabled Discovery of Genetically Diverse Hepaciviruses in a New Host.
P. D. Burbelo, E. J. Dubovi, P. Simmonds, J. L. Medina, J. A. Henriquez, N. Mishra, J. Wagner, R. Tokarz, J. M. Cullen, M. J. Iadarola, et al. (2012)
J. Virol.
86, 6171-6178
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Induction of the Cellular MicroRNA, Hs_154, by West Nile Virus Contributes to Virus-Mediated Apoptosis through Repression of Antiapoptotic Factors.
J. L. Smith, F. E. Grey, J. L. Uhrlaub, J. Nikolich-Zugich, and A. J. Hirsch (2012)
J. Virol.
86, 5278-5287
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
New advances in the molecular biology of hepatitis C virus infection: towards the identification of new treatment targets.
A potent 2'-O-methylated RNA-based microRNA inhibitor with unique secondary structures.
T. Haraguchi, H. Nakano, T. Tagawa, T. Ohki, Y. Ueno, T. Yoshida, and H. Iba (2012)
Nucleic Acids Res.
40, e58
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Host gene targets for novel influenza therapies elucidated by high-throughput RNA interference screens.
V. A. Meliopoulos, L. E. Andersen, K. F. Birrer, K. J. Simpson, J. W. Lowenthal, A. G. D. Bean, J. Stambas, C. R. Stewart, S. M. Tompkins, V. W. van Beusechem, et al. (2012)
FASEB J
26, 1372-1386
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
The mevalonate pathway regulates microRNA activity in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Chemical structure requirements and cellular targeting of microRNA-122 by peptide nucleic acids anti-miRs.
A. G. Torres, M. M. Fabani, E. Vigorito, D. Williams, N. Al-Obaidi, F. Wojciechowski, R. H. E. Hudson, O. Seitz, and M. J. Gait (2012)
Nucleic Acids Res.
40, 2152-2167
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Micro-RNAs: targets for enhancing osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
H. Taipaleenmaki, L. Bjerre Hokland, L. Chen, S. Kauppinen, and M. Kassem (2012)
Eur. J. Endocrinol.
166, 359-371
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Interplay between HIV-1 infection and host microRNAs.
G. Sun, H. Li, X. Wu, M. Covarrubias, L. Scherer, K. Meinking, B. Luk, P. Chomchan, J. Alluin, A. F. Gombart, et al. (2012)
Nucleic Acids Res.
40, 2181-2196
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Developing MicroRNA Therapeutics.
E. van Rooij, A. L. Purcell, and A. A. Levin (2012)
Circ. Res.
110, 496-507
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Upregulation of Cyclin B1 by miRNA and its implications in cancer.
V. Huang, R. F. Place, V. Portnoy, J. Wang, Z. Qi, Z. Jia, A. Yu, M. Shuman, J. Yu, and L.-C. Li (2012)
Nucleic Acids Res.
40, 1695-1707
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Establishment of a Novel Permissive Cell Line for the Propagation of Hepatitis C Virus by Expression of MicroRNA miR122.
H. Kambara, T. Fukuhara, M. Shiokawa, C. Ono, Y. Ohara, W. Kamitani, and Y. Matsuura (2012)
J. Virol.
86, 1382-1393
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Stabilization of hepatitis C virus RNA by an Ago2-miR-122 complex.
T. Shimakami, D. Yamane, R. K. Jangra, B. J. Kempf, C. Spaniel, D. J. Barton, and S. M. Lemon (2012)
PNAS
109, 941-946
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Structural Map of a MicroRNA-122:Hepatitis C Virus Complex.
P. S. Pang, E. A. Pham, M. Elazar, S. G. Patel, M. R. Eckart, and J. S. Glenn (2012)
J. Virol.
86, 1250-1254
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Murine cytomegalovirus encodes a miR-27 inhibitor disguised as a target.
V. Libri, A. Helwak, P. Miesen, D. Santhakumar, J. G. Borger, G. Kudla, F. Grey, D. Tollervey, and A. H. Buck (2012)
PNAS
109, 279-284
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepato-specific microRNA-122 facilitates accumulation of newly synthesized miRNA through regulating PRKRA.
S. Li, J. Zhu, H. Fu, J. Wan, Z. Hu, S. Liu, J. Li, Y. Tie, R. Xing, J. Zhu, et al. (2012)
Nucleic Acids Res.
40, 884-891
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Retroviral GAG proteins recruit AGO2 on viral RNAs without affecting RNA accumulation and translation.
M. Bouttier, A. Saumet, M. Peter, V. Courgnaud, U. Schmidt, C. Cazevieille, E. Bertrand, and C.-H. Lecellier (2012)
Nucleic Acids Res.
40, 775-786
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
miR-221 Silencing Blocks Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Promotes Survival.
J.-K. Park, T. Kogure, G. J. Nuovo, J. Jiang, L. He, J. H. Kim, M. A. Phelps, T. L. Papenfuss, C. M. Croce, T. Patel, et al. (2011)
Cancer Res.
71, 7608-7616
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
A liver-specific microRNA binds to a highly conserved RNA sequence of hepatitis B virus and negatively regulates viral gene expression and replication.
Y. Chen, A. Shen, P. J. Rider, Y. Yu, K. Wu, Y. Mu, Q. Hao, Y. Liu, H. Gong, Y. Zhu, et al. (2011)
FASEB J
25, 4511-4521
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Molecular Characterization of the MicroRNA-138-Fos-like Antigen 1 (FOSL1) Regulatory Module in Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Y. Jin, C. Wang, X. Liu, W. Mu, Z. Chen, D. Yu, A. Wang, Y. Dai, and X. Zhou (2011)
J. Biol. Chem.
286, 40104-40109
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
HepG2 Cells Expressing MicroRNA miR-122 Support the Entire Hepatitis C Virus Life Cycle.
C. M. Narbus, B. Israelow, M. Sourisseau, M. L. Michta, S. E. Hopcraft, G. M. Zeiner, and M. J. Evans (2011)
J. Virol.
85, 12087-12092
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Integrative Deep Sequencing of the Mouse Lung Transcriptome Reveals Differential Expression of Diverse Classes of Small RNAs in Response to Respiratory Virus Infection.
X. Peng, L. Gralinski, M. T. Ferris, M. B. Frieman, M. J. Thomas, S. Proll, M. J. Korth, J. R. Tisoncik, M. Heise, S. Luo, et al. (2011)
mBio
2, e00198-11
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
RNAcentral: A vision for an international database of RNA sequences.
A. Bateman, S. Agrawal, E. Birney, E. A. Bruford, J. M. Bujnicki, G. Cochrane, J. R. Cole, M. E. Dinger, A. J. Enright, P. P. Gardner, et al. (2011)
RNA
17, 1941-1946
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Dual regulation of hepatitis C viral RNA by cellular RNAi requires partitioning of Ago2 to lipid droplets and P-bodies.
S. Y. Berezhna, L. Supekova, M. J. Sever, P. G. Schultz, and A. A. Deniz (2011)
RNA
17, 1831-1845
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Viruses and microRNAs: RISCy interactions with serious consequences.
Knockdown of USP18 Increases Alpha 2a Interferon Signaling and Induction of Interferon-Stimulating Genes but Does Not Increase Antiviral Activity in Huh7 Cells.
E. J. Murray, F. Burden, N. Horscroft, C. Smith-Burchnell, and M. Westby (2011)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
55, 4311-4319
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
miR-122 activates hepatitis C virus translation by a specialized mechanism requiring particular RNA components.
A. P. E. Roberts, A. P. Lewis, and C. L. Jopling (2011)
Nucleic Acids Res.
39, 7716-7729
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
MicroRNA Regulation of Molecular Networks Mapped by Global MicroRNA, mRNA, and Protein Expression in Activated T Lymphocytes.
Y. A. Grigoryev, S. M. Kurian, T. Hart, A. A. Nakorchevsky, C. Chen, D. Campbell, S. R. Head, J. R. Yates III, and D. R. Salomon (2011)
J. Immunol.
187, 2233-2243
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatitis C homolog in dogs with respiratory illness.
MicroRNA 130 family regulates the hypoxia response signal through the P-body protein DDX6.
K. Saito, E. Kondo, and M. Matsushita (2011)
Nucleic Acids Res.
39, 6086-6099
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus Hijacks P-Body and Stress Granule Components around Lipid Droplets.
Y. Ariumi, M. Kuroki, Y. Kushima, K. Osugi, M. Hijikata, M. Maki, M. Ikeda, and N. Kato (2011)
J. Virol.
85, 6882-6892
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Characterization of a canine homolog of hepatitis C virus.
A. Kapoor, P. Simmonds, G. Gerold, N. Qaisar, K. Jain, J. A. Henriquez, C. Firth, D. L. Hirschberg, C. M. Rice, S. Shields, et al. (2011)
PNAS
108, 11608-11613
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Selection, Optimization, and Pharmacokinetic Properties of a Novel, Potent Antiviral Locked Nucleic Acid-Based Antisense Oligomer Targeting Hepatitis C Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site.
C. Laxton, K. Brady, S. Moschos, P. Turnpenny, J. Rawal, D. C. Pryde, B. Sidders, R. Corbau, C. Pickford, and E. J. Murray (2011)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
55, 3105-3114
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation Downregulate miR-29: miR-29 Overexpression Reduces Hepatitis C Viral Abundance in Culture.
S. Bandyopadhyay, R. C. Friedman, R. T. Marquez, K. Keck, B. Kong, M. S. Icardi, K. E. Brown, C. B. Burge, W. N. Schmidt, Y. Wang, et al. (2011)
The Journal of Infectious Disease
203, 1753-1762
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Wolbachia uses host microRNAs to manipulate host gene expression and facilitate colonization of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti.
M. Hussain, F. D. Frentiu, L. A. Moreira, S. L. O'Neill, and S. Asgari (2011)
PNAS
108, 9250-9255
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
MicroRNA fate upon targeting with anti-miRNA oligonucleotides as revealed by an improved Northern-blot-based method for miRNA detection.
A. G. Torres, M. M. Fabani, E. Vigorito, and M. J. Gait (2011)
RNA
17, 933-943
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
MicroRNA-122 antagonism against hepatitis C virus genotypes 1-6 and reduced efficacy by host RNA insertion or mutations in the HCV 5' UTR.
Y.-P. Li, J. M. Gottwein, T. K. Scheel, T. B. Jensen, and J. Bukh (2011)
PNAS
108, 4991-4996
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Genome-wide association studies and susceptibility to infectious diseases.
M. J. Newport and C. Finan (2011)
Briefings in Functional Genomics
10, 98-107
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Silencing microRNA by interfering nanoparticles in mice.
J. Su, H. Baigude, J. McCarroll, and T. M. Rana (2011)
Nucleic Acids Res.
39, e38
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
Human Ago2 Is Required for Efficient MicroRNA 122 Regulation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Accumulation and Translation.
J. A. Wilson, C. Zhang, A. Huys, and C. D. Richardson (2011)
J. Virol.
85, 2342-2350
|Abstract »|Full Text »|PDF »
End game: Getting the most out of microRNAs.
S. You, C. L. Murray, J. M. Luna, and C. M. Rice (2011)
PNAS
108, 3101-3102
|Full Text »|PDF »
Masking the 5' terminal nucleotides of the hepatitis C virus genome by an unconventional microRNA-target RNA complex.
