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Anna Kicheva,1,2*
Periklis Pantazis,1*
Tobias Bollenbach,3*
Yannis Kalaidzidis,1,4
Thomas Bittig,3
Frank Jülicher,3
Marcos González-Gaitán1,2
Abstract:
In the developing fly wing, secreted morphogens such as Decapentaplegic(Dpp) and Wingless (Wg) form gradients of concentration providingpositional information. Dpp forms a longer-range gradient thanWg. To understand how the range is controlled, we measured thefour key kinetic parameters governing morphogen spreading: theproduction rate, the effective diffusion coefficient, the degradationrate, and the immobile fraction. The four parameters had differentvalues for Dpp versus Wg. In addition, Dynamin-dependent endocytosiswas required for spreading of Dpp, but not Wg. Thus, the cellularmechanisms of Dpp and Wingless spreading are different: Dppspreading requires endocytic, intracellular trafficking.
1 Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauer Strasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. 2 Department of Biochemistry and Department of Molecular Biology, Geneva University, Sciences II, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. 3 Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany. 4 A. N. Belozersky Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia.
* These authors contributed equally to this work.
Present address: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena,CA 91125, USA.
Present address: Department of Systems Biology, Harvard MedicalSchool, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: julicher{at}pks.mpg.de (F.J.); marcos.gonzalez{at}biochem.unige.ch (M.G.-G.)
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Tobias Bollenbach,3
Yannis Kalaidzidis,1,4
Thomas Bittig,3
Frank Jülicher,3
Marcos González-Gaitán1,2
Present address: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. 
Present address: Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. 
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: 
