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Abstract:
Branching morphogenesis is one of the earliest events essentialfor the success of metazoans. By branching out and forming cellularor tissue extensions, cells can maximize their surface areaand overcome space constraints posed by organ size. Over thepast decade, tremendous progress has been made toward understandingthe branching mechanisms of various invertebrate and vertebrateorgan systems. Despite their distinct origins, morphologiesand functions, different cell and tissue types use a remarkablyconserved set of tools to undergo branching morphogenesis. Recentstudies have shed important light on the basis of molecularconservation in the formation of branched structures in diverseorgans.
Department of Anatomy and Program in Developmental Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143–0452, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: zena.werb{at}ucsf.edu
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