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Science 332 (6035): 1317-1322

Copyright © 2011 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science

The mTOR-Regulated Phosphoproteome Reveals a Mechanism of mTORC1-Mediated Inhibition of Growth Factor Signaling

Peggy P. Hsu,1,2 Seong A. Kang,1 Jonathan Rameseder,3,4 Yi Zhang,5,6 Kathleen A. Ottina,1,7 Daniel Lim,4 Timothy R. Peterson,1,2 Yongmun Choi,5,8 Nathanael S. Gray,5,8 Michael B. Yaffe,2,4 Jarrod A. Marto,5,6,8 David M. Sabatini1,2,4,7,*

Abstract: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein kinase is a master growth promoter that nucleates two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Despite the diverse processes controlled by mTOR, few substrates are known. We defined the mTOR-regulated phosphoproteome by quantitative mass spectrometry and characterized the primary sequence motif specificity of mTOR using positional scanning peptide libraries. We found that the phosphorylation response to insulin is largely mTOR dependent and that mTOR exhibits a unique preference for proline, hydrophobic, and aromatic residues at the +1 position. The adaptor protein Grb10 was identified as an mTORC1 substrate that mediates the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase typical of cells lacking tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), a tumor suppressor and negative regulator of mTORC1. Our work clarifies how mTORC1 inhibits growth factor signaling and opens new areas of investigation in mTOR biology.

1 Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
2 Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
3 Computational and Systems Biology Initiative, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
4 David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
5 Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
6 Blais Proteomics Center, DFCI, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
7 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139,USA.
8 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sabatini{at}wi.mit.edu

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