Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.
Subscribe

Logo for

Science 335 (6070): 856-859

Copyright © 2012 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science

Epithelial Nitration by a Peroxidase/NOX5 System Mediates Mosquito Antiplasmodial Immunity

Giselle de Almeida Oliveira, Joshua Lieberman, Carolina Barillas-Mury*

Abstract: Plasmodium ookinetes traverse midgut epithelial cells before they encounter the complement system in the mosquito hemolymph. We identified a heme peroxidase (HPX2) and NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) as critical mediators of midgut epithelial nitration and antiplasmodial immunity that enhance nitric oxide toxicity in Anopheles gambiae. We show that the two immune mechanisms that target ookinetes—epithelial nitration and thioester-containing protein 1 (TEP1)–mediated lysis—work sequentially, and we propose that epithelial nitration works as an opsonization-like system that promotes activation of the mosquito complement cascade.

Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20892, USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cbarillas{at}niaid.nih.gov

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
HIV Treatments Have Malaria Gametocyte Killing and Transmission Blocking Activity.
C. V. Hobbs, T. Q. Tanaka, O. Muratova, J. Van Vliet, W. Borkowsky, K. C. Williamson, and P. E. Duffy (2013)
The Journal of Infectious Disease 208, 139-148
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Unveiling the Malaria Parasite's Cloak of Invisibility?.
N. Philip and A. P. Waters (2013)
Science 340, 936-937
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Human Malaria Parasite Pfs47 Gene Mediates Evasion of the Mosquito Immune System.
A. Molina-Cruz, L. S. Garver, A. Alabaster, L. Bangiolo, A. Haile, J. Winikor, C. Ortega, B. C. L. van Schaijk, R. W. Sauerwein, E. Taylor-Salmon, et al. (2013)
Science 340, 984-987
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Complex effects of temperature on mosquito immune function.
C. C. Murdock, K. P. Paaijmans, A. S. Bell, J. G. King, J. F. Hillyer, A. F. Read, and M. B. Thomas (2012)
Proc R Soc B 279, 3357-3366
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Some strains of Plasmodium falciparum, a human malaria parasite, evade the complement-like system of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes.
A. Molina-Cruz, R. J. DeJong, C. Ortega, A. Haile, E. Abban, J. Rodrigues, G. Jaramillo-Gutierrez, and C. Barillas-Mury (2012)
PNAS 109, E1957-E1962
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »

To Advertise     Find Products

Science Signaling. ISSN 1937-9145 (online), 1945-0877 (print). Pre-2008: Science's STKE. ISSN 1525-8882