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Science 337 (6094): 584-587

Copyright © 2012 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science

Quantitative Modulation of Polycomb Silencing Underlies Natural Variation in Vernalization

Vincent Coustham,* Peijin Li, Amy Strange,{dagger} Clare Lister, Jie Song, Caroline Dean{ddagger}

Abstract: Arabidopsis thaliana accessions have adapted to growth in a wide range of climates. Variation in flowering and alignment of vernalization response with winter length are central to this adaptation. Vernalization involves the epigenetic silencing of the floral repressor FLC via a conserved Polycomb (PRC2) mechanism involving trimethylation of Lys27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). We found that variation for response to winter length maps to cis polymorphism within FLC. A rare combination of four polymorphisms localized around the nucleation region of a PHD-Polycomb complex determines a need for longer cold. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that these polymorphisms influence the accumulation of H3K27me3 in Arabidopsis accession Lov-1, both at the nucleation site and over the gene body. Quantitative modulation of chromatin silencing through cis variation may be a general mechanism contributing to evolutionary change.

John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.

* Present address: Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, 78000 Versailles, France.

{dagger} Present address: The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.

{ddagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: caroline.dean{at}jic.ac.uk

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