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Sci. Signal., 12 February 2008
Vol. 1, Issue 6, p. pe8
[DOI: 10.1126/stke.16pe8]

PERSPECTIVES

Exosomes Secreted by Bacterially Infected Macrophages Are Proinflammatory

Helen C. O’Neill1* and Ben J. C. Quah2

1School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;
2Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.

Abstract: Exosomes are small vesicles that are secreted from cells. They are derived from multivesicular endosomes that fuse with the plasma membrane, thereby releasing their internal vesicles into the extracellular environment. Exosomes from antigen-presenting cells contain a range of immunostimulatory molecules that activate T cells, which suggests that they may have an important role in the propagation of immune responses. Of considerable interest is the finding that exosomes derived from bacterially infected macrophages carry bacterial coat components and use these to stimulate bystander macrophages and neutrophils to secrete proinflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}, the chemokine regulated upon activation, normal T cell–expressed and –secreted (RANTES, also known as CCL5), and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Here, we address these studies in relation to other findings on dendritic cell–derived exosomes that are also powerful immunoregulators.

*Corresponding author. E-mail, Helen.ONeill{at}anu.edu.au

Citation: H. C. O’Neill, B. J. C. Quah, Exosomes Secreted by Bacterially Infected Macrophages Are Proinflammatory. Sci. Signal. 1, pe8 (2008).

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