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Genes & Dev. 13 (17): 2196-2206

Copyright © 1999 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

Vol. 13, No. 17, pp. 2196-2206, September 1, 1999

RESEARCH PAPER
The Ski oncoprotein interacts with the Smad proteins to repress TGFbeta signaling

Kunxin Luo,1,2,4 Shannon L. Stroschein,1,2 Wei Wang,1,3 Dan Chen,2 Eric Martens,2 Sharleen Zhou,2 and Qiang Zhou2

1 Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and 2  Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 USA; 3 Department of Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China

Smad proteins are critical signal transducers downstream of the receptors of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta ) superfamily. On phosphorylation and activation by the active TGFbeta receptor complex, Smad2 and Smad3 form hetero-oligomers with Smad4 and translocate into the nucleus, where they interact with different cellular partners, bind to DNA, regulate transcription of various downstream response genes, and cross-talk with other signaling pathways. Here we show that a nuclear oncoprotein, Ski, can interact directly with Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 on a TGFbeta -responsive promoter element and repress their abilities to activate transcription through recruitment of the nuclear transcriptional corepressor N-CoR and possibly its associated histone deacetylase complex. Overexpression of Ski in a TGFbeta -responsive cell line renders it resistant to TGFbeta -induced growth inhibition and defective in activation of JunB expression. This ability to overcome TGFbeta -induced growth arrest may be responsible for the transforming activity of Ski in human and avian cancer cells. Our studies suggest a new paradigm for inactivation of the Smad proteins by an oncoprotein through transcriptional repression.

[Key Words: Ski; TGFbeta ; Smad proteins; growth inhibition; signal transduction; transcriptional activation]

GENES & DEVELOPMENT 13:2196-2206 © 1999 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press  ISSN 0890-9369/99 $5.00

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   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
SNIP1 Inhibits NF-kappa B Signaling by Competing for Its Binding to the C/H1 Domain of CBP/p300 Transcriptional Co-activators.
R. H. Kim, K. C. Flanders, S. B. Reffey, L. A. Anderson, C. S. Duckett, N. D. Perkins, and A. B. Roberts (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 46297-46304
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TGF-beta inhibits muscle differentiation through functional repression of myogenic transcription factors by Smad3.
D. Liu, B. L. Black, and R. Derynck (2001)
Genes & Dev. 15, 2950-2966
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cytoplasmic Localization of the Oncogenic Protein Ski in Human Cutaneous Melanomas in Vivo: Functional Implications for Transforming Growth Factor {beta} Signaling.
J. A. Reed, E. Bales, W. Xu, N. A. Okan, D. Bandyopadhyay, and E. E. Medrano (2001)
Cancer Res. 61, 8074-8078
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Smad3 recruits the anaphase-promoting complex for ubiquitination and degradation of SnoN.
S. L. Stroschein, S. Bonni, J. L. Wrana, and K. Luo (2001)
Genes & Dev. 15, 2822-2836
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Synergistic Cooperation between Hypoxia and Transforming Growth Factor-beta Pathways on Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Expression.
T. Sanchez-Elsner, L. M. Botella, B. Velasco, A. Corbi, L. Attisano, and C. Bernabeu (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 38527-38535
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Smad Transcriptional Corepressor TGIF Recruits mSin3.
D. Wotton, P. S. Knoepfler, C. D. Laherty, R. N. Eisenman, and J. Massague (2001)
Cell Growth Differ. 12, 457-463
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth.
S.-J. Lee and A. C. McPherron (2001)
PNAS 98, 9306-9311
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Smad3 Protein Is Involved in TGF-{{beta}} Inhibition of Class II Transactivator and Class II MHC Expression.
Y. Dong, L. Tang, J. J. Letterio, and E. N. Benveniste (2001)
J. Immunol. 167, 311-319
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I oncoprotein Tax represses Smad-dependent transforming growth factor {beta} signaling through interaction with CREB-binding protein/p300.
N. Mori, M. Morishita, T. Tsukazaki, C.-Z. Giam, A. Kumatori, Y. Tanaka, and N. Yamamoto (2001)
Blood 97, 2137-2144
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inactivation of menin, a Smad3-interacting protein, blocks transforming growth factor type {beta} signaling.
H. Kaji, L. Canaff, J.-J. Lebrun, D. Goltzman, and G. N. Hendy (2001)
PNAS 98, 3837-3842
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Caveolin-1 Regulates Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-beta /SMAD Signaling through an Interaction with the TGF-beta Type I Receptor.
B. Razani, X. L. Zhang, M. Bitzer, G. von Gersdorff, E. P. Bottinger, and M. P. Lisanti (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 6727-6738
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The hepatitis B virus encoded oncoprotein pX amplifies TGF-{beta} family signaling through direct interaction with Smad4: potential mechanism of hepatitis B virus-induced liver fibrosis.
D. K. Lee, S. H. Park, Y. Yi, S.-G. Choi, C. Lee, W. T. Parks, H. Cho, M. P. de Caestecker, Y. Shaul, A. B. Roberts, et al. (2001)
Genes & Dev. 15, 455-466
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Defective repression of c-myc in breast cancer cells: A loss at the core of the transforming growth factor {beta} growth arrest program.
C.-R. Chen, Y. Kang, and J. Massague (2001)
PNAS 98, 992-999
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ski represses bone morphogenic protein signaling in Xenopus and mammalian cells.
W. Wang, F. V. Mariani, R. M. Harland, and K. Luo (2000)
PNAS 97, 14394-14399
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »

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