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PLANT CELL 13 (1): 179-191

Copyright © 2001 by the American Society of Plant Physiologists.

Plant Cell, Vol. 13, 179-191, January 2001, Copyright © 2001, American Society of Plant Physiologists Hydrogen Peroxide Acts as a Second Messenger for the Induction of Defense Genes in Tomato Plants in Response to Wounding, Systemin, and Methyl Jasmonate Martha L. Orozco-Cárdenasa, Javier Narváez-Vásqueza, and Clarence A. Ryana a Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340 Clarence A. Ryan, tamura{at}wsu.edu (E-mail), 509-335-7643 (fax)

The systemic accumulation of both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and proteinase inhibitor proteins in tomato leaves in response to wounding was inhibited by the NADPH oxidase inhibitors diphenylene iodonium (DPI), imidazole, and pyridine. The expression of several defense genes in response to wounding, systemin, oligosaccharides, and methyl jasmonate also was inhibited by DPI. These genes, including those of four proteinase inhibitors and polyphenol oxidase, are expressed within 4 to 12 hr after wounding. However, DPI did not inhibit the wound-inducible expression of genes encoding prosystemin, lipoxygenase, and allene oxide synthase, which are associated with the octadecanoid signaling pathway and are expressed 0.5 to 2 hr after wounding. Accordingly, treatment of plants with the H2O2-generating enzyme glucose oxidase plus glucose resulted in the induction of only the later-expressed defensive genes and not the early-expressed signaling-related genes. H2O2 was cytochemically detected in the cell walls of vascular parenchyma cells and spongy mesophyll cells within 4 hr after wounding of wild-type tomato leaves, but not earlier. The cumulative results suggest that active oxygen species are generated near cell walls of vascular bundle cells by oligogalacturonide fragments produced by wound-inducible polygalacturonase and that the resulting H2O2 acts as a second messenger for the activation of defense genes in mesophyll cells. These data provide a rationale for the sequential, coordinated, and functional roles of systemin, jasmonic acid, oligogalacturonides, and H2O2 signals for systemic signaling in tomato plants in response to wounding.

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R. Halitschke, K. Gase, D. Hui, D. D. Schmidt, and I. T. Baldwin (2003)
Plant Physiology 131, 1894-1902
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Water stress-induced abscisic acid accumulation triggers the increased generation of reactive oxygen species and up-regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes in maize leaves.
M. Jiang and J. Zhang (2002)
J. Exp. Bot. 53, 2401-2410
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Cell Death Processes during Expression of Hybrid Lethality in Interspecific F1 Hybrid between Nicotiana gossei Domin and Nicotiana tabacum.
M. Mino, K. Maekawa, K.'i. Ogawa, H. Yamagishi, and M. Inoue (2002)
Plant Physiology 130, 1776-1787
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