Sven Zimmermann, Karin Moelling ^*

Activation of the protein kinase Raf can lead to opposing cellular responses such as proliferation, growth arrest, apoptosis, or differentiation. Akt (protein kinase B), a member of a different signaling pathway that also regulates these responses, interacted with Raf and phosphorylated this protein at a highly conserved serine residue in its regulatory domain in vivo. This phosphorylation of Raf by Akt inhibited activation of the Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway and shifted the cellular response in a human breast cancer cell line from cell cycle arrest to proliferation. These observations provide a molecular basis for cross talk between two signaling pathways at the level of Raf and Akt.

Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, CH-8028 Zurich, Switzerland.
^*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: moelling{at}immv.unizh.ch

Endothelial RAF1/ERK activation regulates arterial morphogenesis.

Y. Deng, B. Larrivee, Z. W. Zhuang, D. Atri, F. Moraes, C. Prahst, A. Eichmann, and M. Simons (2013)
Blood 121, 3988-3996
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Shift from Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase to AKT/cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Pathway Increases Survival-Motor-Neuron Expression in Spinal-Muscular-Atrophy-Like Mice and Patient Cells.

J. Branchu, O. Biondi, F. Chali, T. Collin, F. Leroy, K. Mamchaoui, J. Makoukji, C. Pariset, P. Lopes, C. Massaad, et al. (2013)
J. Neurosci. 33, 4280-4294
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Signal transduction mechanisms for autocrine/paracrine regulation of somatolactin-{alpha} secretion and synthesis in carp pituitary cells by somatolactin-{alpha} and -{beta}.

Q. Jiang and A. O. L. Wong (2013)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 304, E176-E186
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A Phospholipase C-{gamma}1-Independent, RasGRP1-ERK-Dependent Pathway Drives Lymphoproliferative Disease in Linker for Activation of T Cells-Y136F Mutant Mice.

R. L. Kortum, A. K. Rouquette-Jazdanian, M. Miyaji, R. K. Merrill, E. Markegard, J. M. Pinski, A. Wesselink, N. N. Nath, C. P. Alexander, W. Li, et al. (2013)
J. Immunol. 190, 147-158
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Combined blockade of signalling pathways shows marked anti-tumour potential in phaeochromocytoma cell lines.

S. Nolting, E. Garcia, G. Alusi, A. Giubellino, K. Pacak, M. Korbonits, and A. B. Grossman (2012)
J. Mol. Endocrinol. 49, 79-96
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Regulation of CD38 Expression in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells: Role of Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinases.

J. A. Jude, K. G. Tirumurugaan, B. N. Kang, R. A. Panettieri, T. F. Walseth, and M. S. Kannan (2012)
47, 427-435
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Sequence-Specific Recognition of a PxLPxI/L Motif by an Ankyrin Repeat Tumbler Lock.

C. Xu, J. Jin, C. Bian, R. Lam, R. Tian, R. Weist, L. You, J. Nie, A. Bochkarev, W. Tempel, et al. (2012)
Science Signaling 5, ra39
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Candesartan Cilexetil Improves Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor-Mediated Neurite Outgrowth via the PI3K-Akt Pathway in Fructose-Induced Insulin-Resistant Rats.

N. Hashikawa-Hobara, N. Hashikawa, Y. Inoue, H. Sanda, Y. Zamami, S. Takatori, and H. Kawasaki (2012)
Diabetes 61, 925-932
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Akt and ERK Control the Proliferative Response of Mammary Epithelial Cells to the Growth Factors IGF-1 and EGF Through the Cell Cycle Inhibitor p57Kip2.

D. T. Worster, T. Schmelzle, N. L. Solimini, E. S. Lightcap, B. Millard, G. B. Mills, J. S. Brugge, and J. G. Albeck (2012)
Science Signaling 5, ra19
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-mediated Positive Feedback of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase {epsilon} (PTP{epsilon}) on ERK1/2 and AKT Protein Pathways Is Required for Survival of Human Breast Cancer Cells.

C. E. Nunes-Xavier, A. Elson, and R. Pulido (2012)
J. Biol. Chem. 287, 3433-3444
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Insulin inhibits hepatocyte iNOS expression induced by cytokines by an Akt-dependent mechanism.

B. G. Harbrecht, I. Nweze, J. W. Smith, and B. Zhang (2012)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 302, G116-G122
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

APPL1 Counteracts Obesity-Induced Vascular Insulin Resistance and Endothelial Dysfunction by Modulating the Endothelial Production of Nitric Oxide and Endothelin-1 in Mice.

Y. Wang, K. K. Y. Cheng, K. S. L. Lam, D. Wu, Y. Wang, Y. Huang, P. M. Vanhoutte, G. Sweeney, Y. Li, and A. Xu (2011)
Diabetes 60, 3044-3054
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Activation Kinetics of RAF Protein in the Ternary Complex of RAF, RAS-GTP, and Kinase on the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells: SINGLE-MOLECULE IMAGING ANALYSIS.

K. Hibino, T. Shibata, T. Yanagida, and Y. Sako (2011)
J. Biol. Chem. 286, 36460-36468
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and ERK1/2 regulated control of Mycobacterium avium replication in primary murine macrophages is independent of tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} and interleukin-10.

K. Klug, S. Ehlers, S. Uhlig, and N. Reiling (2011)
Innate Immunity 17, 470-485
 |  Abstract »  |  PDF »

Interleukin-7 Inhibits Tumor-Induced CD27-CD28- Suppressor T Cells: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Y. Zhang, L. W. Pfannenstiel, E. Bolesta, C. L. Montes, X. Zhang, A. I. Chapoval, R. B. Gartenhaus, S. E. Strome, and B. R. Gastman (2011)
Clin. Cancer Res. 17, 4975-4986
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

mTORC1 inhibition increases neurotensin secretion and gene expression through activation of the MEK/ERK/c-Jun pathway in the human endocrine cell line BON.

J. Li, J. Liu, J. Song, X. Wang, H. L. Weiss, C. M. Townsend Jr., T. Gao, and B. M. Evers (2011)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 301, C213-C226
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

In Situ Phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 in Rat Mammary Gland, Colon, and Liver Following Treatment with Human Insulin and IGF-1.

H. Hvid, J. J. Fels, R. K. Kirk, I. Thorup, H. E. Jensen, B. F. Hansen, and M. B. Oleksiewicz (2011)
Toxicol Pathol 39, 623-640
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Phosphomimetic Substitution of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1 at Serine 199 Abolishes AKT-dependent Internal Ribosome Entry Site-transacting Factor (ITAF) Function via Effects on Strand Annealing and Results in Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Inhibitor Sensitivity.

J. Martin, J. Masri, C. Cloninger, B. Holmes, N. Artinian, A. Funk, T. Ruegg, L. Anderson, T. Bashir, A. Bernath, et al. (2011)
J. Biol. Chem. 286, 16402-16413
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Normal bone marrow signal-transduction profiles: a requisite for enhanced detection of signaling dysregulations in AML.

J. Marvin, S. Swaminathan, G. Kraker, A. Chadburn, J. Jacobberger, and C. Goolsby (2011)
Blood 117, e120-e130
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 1 Modulates Endothelial Cell Growth Through Nitric Oxide and Akt.

P. Zhang, X. Hu, X. Xu, Y. Chen, and R. J. Bache (2011)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 31, 890-897
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Targeting BRAF in Advanced Melanoma: A First Step toward Manageable Disease.

A. Vultur, J. Villanueva, and M. Herlyn (2011)
Clin. Cancer Res. 17, 1658-1663
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

RAS Interaction with PI3K: More Than Just Another Effector Pathway.

E. Castellano and J. Downward (2011)
Genes & Cancer 2, 261-274
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The ERK Cascade: Distinct Functions within Various Subcellular Organelles.

I. Wortzel and R. Seger (2011)
Genes & Cancer 2, 195-209
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Raf Family Kinases: Old Dogs Have Learned New Tricks.

D. Matallanas, M. Birtwistle, D. Romano, A. Zebisch, J. Rauch, A. von Kriegsheim, and W. Kolch (2011)
Genes & Cancer 2, 232-260
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Subtilase Cytotoxin Activates MAP Kinases through PERK and IRE1 Branches of the Unfolded Protein Response.

Y. Zhao, T. Tian, T. Huang, S. Nakajima, Y. Saito, S. Takahashi, J. Yao, A. W. Paton, J. C. Paton, and M. Kitamura (2011)
Toxicol. Sci. 120, 79-86
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

PTEN Tumor Suppressor Network in PI3K-Akt Pathway Control.

M.-M. Georgescu (2010)
Genes & Cancer 1, 1170-1177
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Thyroid hormone inhibits ERK phosphorylation in pressure overload-induced hypertrophied mouse hearts through a receptor-mediated mechanism.

J. Suarez, B. T. Scott, J. A. Suarez-Ramirez, C. V. Chavira, and W. H. Dillmann (2010)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 299, C1524-C1529
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Rainbow trout somatostatin receptor subtypes SSTR1A, SSTR1B, and SSTR2 differentially activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways in transfected cells.

A. L. Hagemeister, J. D. Kittilson, H. E. Bergan, and M. A. Sheridan (2010)
J. Mol. Endocrinol. 45, 317-327
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Protein Kinase B (AKT) Mediates Phospholipase D Activation via ERK1/2 and Promotes Respiratory Burst Parameters in Formylpeptide-stimulated Neutrophil-like HL-60 Cells.

S. Patel, B. Djerdjouri, Y. Raoul-Des-Essarts, P. M.-C. Dang, J. El-Benna, and A. Perianin (2010)
J. Biol. Chem. 285, 32055-32063
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Inhibition of lung carcinogenesis and critical cancer-related signaling pathways by N-acetyl-S-(N-2-phenethylthiocarbamoyl)-l-cysteine, indole-3-carbinol and myo-inositol, alone and in combination.

F. Kassie, T. Melkamu, A. Endalew, P. Upadhyaya, X. Luo, and S. S. Hecht (2010)
Carcinogenesis 31, 1634-1641
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Differential Up-regulation of MAP Kinase Phosphatases MKP3/DUSP6 and DUSP5 by Ets2 and c-Jun Converge in the Control of the Growth Arrest Versus Proliferation Response of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells to Phorbol Ester.

C. E. Nunes-Xavier, C. Tarrega, R. Cejudo-Marin, J. Frijhoff, A. Sandin, A. Ostman, and R. Pulido (2010)
J. Biol. Chem. 285, 26417-26430
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Leukotriene B4 BLT Receptor Signaling Regulates the Level and Stability of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA through Restricted Activation of Ras/Raf/ERK/p42 AUF1 Pathway.

B. Zhai, H. Yang, A. Mancini, Q. He, J. Antoniou, and J. A. Di Battista (2010)
J. Biol. Chem. 285, 23568-23580
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Expression Can Be Upregulated through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway under the Influence of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Synergized with Estrogen Receptor.

H. H. Jung, Y. H. Park, H. J. Jun, J. Kong, J. H. Kim, J. A. Kim, J. Yun, J. M. Sun, Y. W. Won, S. Lee, et al. (2010)
Mol. Cancer Res. 8, 1037-1047
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Targeting the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway: Physiological Feedback and Drug Response.

C. A. Pratilas and D. B. Solit (2010)
Clin. Cancer Res. 16, 3329-3334
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Correlating Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Inhibitor Efficacy with Signaling Pathway Status: In silico and Biological Evaluations.

S. Dan, M. Okamura, M. Seki, K. Yamazaki, H. Sugita, M. Okui, Y. Mukai, H. Nishimura, R. Asaka, K. Nomura, et al. (2010)
Cancer Res. 70, 4982-4994
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Selective blockade of protein kinase B protects the rat and human myocardium against ischaemic injury.

J. Linares-Palomino, M. A. Husainy, V. K. Lai, J. M. Dickenson, and M. Gali anes (2010)
J. Physiol. 588, 2173-2191
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Mammalian Ste20-like Kinase (Mst2) Indirectly Supports Raf-1/ERK Pathway Activity via Maintenance of Protein Phosphatase-2A Catalytic Subunit Levels and Consequent Suppression of Inhibitory Raf-1 Phosphorylation.

G. K. Kilili and J. M. Kyriakis (2010)
J. Biol. Chem. 285, 15076-15087
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Palmitoylation of oncogenic NRAS is essential for leukemogenesis.

B. Cuiffo and R. Ren (2010)
Blood 115, 3598-3605
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A Loss-of-Function Screen Reveals Ras- and Raf-Independent MEK-ERK Signaling During Chlamydia trachomatis Infection.

R. K. Gurumurthy, A. P. Maurer, N. Machuy, S. Hess, K. P. Pleissner, J. Schuchhardt, T. Rudel, and T. F. Meyer (2010)
Science Signaling 3, ra21
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Dependence on Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and RAS-RAF Pathways Drive the Activity of RAF265, a Novel RAF/VEGFR2 Inhibitor, and RAD001 (Everolimus) in Combination.

P. Mordant, Y. Loriot, C. Leteur, J. Calderaro, J. Bourhis, M. Wislez, J.-C. Soria, and E. Deutsch (2010)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 9, 358-368
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A Novel Indole-3-propanamide Exerts Its Immunosuppressive Activity by Inhibiting JAK3 in T Cells.

D. Carbonnelle, M. Duflos, P. Marchand, C. Chauvet, J.-Y. Petit, and F. Lang (2009)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 331, 710-716
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

An Integrated Systems Analysis Implicates EGR1 Downregulation in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalitis-Induced Neural Dysfunction.

M. Gersten, M. Alirezaei, M. C. G. Marcondes, C. Flynn, T. Ravasi, T. Ideker, and H. S. Fox (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 12467-12476
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Different roles of H-ras for regulation of myosin heavy chain promoters in satellite cell-derived muscle cell culture during proliferation and differentiation.

M. E. Scholz, J. D. Meissner, R. J. Scheibe, P. K. Umeda, K.-C. Chang, G. Gros, and H.-P. Kubis (2009)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 297, C1012-C1018
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Signaling Pathways Regulating Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation.

E. M. Rzucidlo (2009)
Vascular 17, S15-S20
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Identification of Replication-competent HSV-1 Cgal+ Strain Signaling Targets in Human Hepatoma Cells by Functional Organelle Proteomics.

E. Santamaria, M. I. Mora, C. Potel, J. Fernandez-Irigoyen, E. Carro-Roldan, R. Hernandez-Alcoceba, J. Prieto, A. L. Epstein, and F. J. Corrales (2009)
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8, 805-815
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

RASSF1A Mediates p21Cip1/Waf1-Dependent Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence through Modulation of the Raf-MEK-ERK Pathway and Inhibition of Akt.

S. Thaler, P. S. Hahnel, A. Schad, R. Dammann, and M. Schuler (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 1748-1757
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Simulation of crosstalk between small GTPase RhoA and EGFR-ERK signaling pathway via MEKK1.

H. Li, C. Y. Ung, X. H. Ma, B. W. Li, B. C. Low, Z. W. Cao, and Y. Z. Chen (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, 358-364
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

MAPK-independent impairment of T-cell responses by the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib.

R. Houben, H. Voigt, C. Noelke, V. Hofmeister, J. C. Becker, and D. Schrama (2009)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 8, 433-440
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Regulation of RAF Activity by 14-3-3 Proteins: RAF KINASES ASSOCIATE FUNCTIONALLY WITH BOTH HOMO- AND HETERODIMERIC FORMS OF 14-3-3 PROTEINS.

A. Fischer, A. Baljuls, J. Reinders, E. Nekhoroshkova, C. Sibilski, R. Metz, S. Albert, K. Rajalingam, M. Hekman, and U. R. Rapp (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 3183-3194
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Regulation of D-cyclin translation inhibition in myeloma cells treated with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors: rationale for combined treatment with extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors and rapamycin.

P. Frost, Y. Shi, B. Hoang, J. Gera, and A. Lichtenstein (2009)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 8, 83-93
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Production of IL-1Ra Is Negatively Regulated by GSK3 via the MAPK ERK1/2.

K. Rehani, H. Wang, C. A. Garcia, D. F. Kinane, and M. Martin (2009)
J. Immunol. 182, 547-553
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

AKT Alters Genome-Wide Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Binding and Impacts Estrogen Signaling in Breast Cancer.

P. Bhat-Nakshatri, G. Wang, H. Appaiah, N. Luktuke, J. S. Carroll, T. R. Geistlinger, M. Brown, S. Badve, Y. Liu, and H. Nakshatri (2008)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 28, 7487-7503
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Dual targeting of Raf and VEGF receptor 2 reduces growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer through direct effects on tumor cells, endothelial cells, and pericytes.

S. A. Lang, P. Schachtschneider, C. Moser, A. Mori, C. Hackl, A. Gaumann, D. Batt, H. J. Schlitt, E. K. Geissler, and O. Stoeltzing (2008)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 7, 3509-3518
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Akt and ERK1/2 pathways are components of the vasopressin signaling network in rat native IMCD.

T. Pisitkun, V. Jacob, S. M. Schleicher, C.-L. Chou, M.-J. Yu, and M. A. Knepper (2008)
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295, F1030-F1043
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Role of Crosstalk Between Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways in Artery-Vein Specification.

C. C. Hong, T. Kume, and R. T. Peterson (2008)
Circ. Res. 103, 573-579
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Green Tea Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats by Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species Production and the Src/Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Akt Signaling Pathway.

I. Papparella, G. Ceolotto, D. Montemurro, M. Antonello, S. Garbisa, G. Rossi, and A. Semplicini (2008)
J. Nutr. 138, 1596-1601
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Anti-proliferative effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultured {beta} cells is associated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway inhibition: protective role of glucagon-like peptide -1.

M Blandino-Rosano, G Perez-Arana, J M Mellado-Gil, C Segundo, and M Aguilar-Diosdado (2008)
J. Mol. Endocrinol. 41, 35-44
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Sorafenib, but not sunitinib, affects function of dendritic cells and induction of primary immune responses.

M. M. Hipp, N. Hilf, S. Walter, D. Werth, K. M. Brauer, M. P. Radsak, T. Weinschenk, H. Singh-Jasuja, and P. Brossart (2008)
Blood 111, 5610-5620
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Multipathway Model Enables Prediction of Kinase Inhibitor Cross-Talk Effects on Migration of Her2-Overexpressing Mammary Epithelial Cells.

N. Kumar, R. Afeyan, H.-D. Kim, and D. A. Lauffenburger (2008)
Mol. Pharmacol. 73, 1668-1678
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Akt3 and Mutant V600EB-Raf Cooperate to Promote Early Melanoma Development.

M. Cheung, A. Sharma, S. V. Madhunapantula, and G. P. Robertson (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 3429-3439
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Na/H Exchange Regulatory Factor 1, a Novel AKT-associating Protein, Regulates Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Signaling through a B-Raf-Mediated Pathway.

B. Wang, Y. Yang, and P. A. Friedman (2008)
Mol. Biol. Cell 19, 1637-1645
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Inhibition of Raf-1 Alters Multiple Downstream Pathways to Induce Pancreatic -Cell Apoptosis.

E. U. Alejandro and J. D. Johnson (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 2407-2417
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Targeting Protein Translation in Human Non Small Cell Lung Cancer via Combined MEK and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Suppression.

M.-E. Legrier, C.-P. H. Yang, H.-G. Yan, L. Lopez-Barcons, S. M. Keller, R. Perez-Soler, S. B. Horwitz, and H. M. McDaid (2007)
Cancer Res. 67, 11300-11308
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

PC-1/PrLZ Contributes to Malignant Progression in Prostate Cancer.

H. Zhang, J. Wang, B. Pang, R.-x. Liang, S. Li, P.-t. Huang, R. Wang, L. W.K. Chung, H. E. Zhau, C. Huang, et al. (2007)
Cancer Res. 67, 8906-8913
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Ubiquitination as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance Escaping Treatment by the Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibody Cetuximab.

Y. Lu, X. Li, K. Liang, R. Luwor, Z. H. Siddik, G. B. Mills, J. Mendelsohn, and Z. Fan (2007)
Cancer Res. 67, 8240-8247
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Integration of signal pathways for stretch-dependent growth and differentiation in vascular smooth muscle.

S. Albinsson and P. Hellstrand (2007)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 293, C772-C782
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

BCR-Tyrosine 177 Plays an Essential Role in Ras and Akt Activation and in Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Transformation in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia.

S. Chu, L. Li, H. Singh, and R. Bhatia (2007)
Cancer Res. 67, 7045-7053
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Signaling mechanisms leading to regulation of proliferation and differentiation of the mesenchymal chondrogenic cell line RCJ3.1C5.18 in response to IGF-I.

S. Ciarmatori, D. Kiepe, A. Haarmann, U. Huegel, and B. Tonshoff (2007)
J. Mol. Endocrinol. 38, 493-508
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Cardiac Hypertrophy and the Wnt/Frizzled Pathway.

O. H. Cingolani (2007)
Hypertension 49, 427-428
 |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Inhibition of B56-containing Protein Phosphatase 2As by the Early Response Gene IEX-1 Leads to Control of Akt Activity.

G. Rocher, C. Letourneux, P. Lenormand, and F. Porteu (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 5468-5477
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Glucocorticoid Conditioning of Myeloid Progenitors Enhances TLR4 Signaling via Negative Regulation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Akt Pathway.

T. Y. Zhang and R. A. Daynes (2007)
J. Immunol. 178, 2517-2526
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

MEK-ERK-mediated Phosphorylation of Mdm2 at Ser-166 in Hepatocytes: Mdm2 IS ACTIVATED IN RESPONSE TO INHIBITED Akt SIGNALING.

M. Malmlof, E. Roudier, J. Hogberg, and U. Stenius (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 2288-2296
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Activation of Akt Predicts Poor Outcome in Neuroblastoma.

D. Opel, C. Poremba, T. Simon, K.-M. Debatin, and S. Fulda (2007)
Cancer Res. 67, 735-745
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Differential Regulation of B-Raf Isoforms by Phosphorylation and Autoinhibitory Mechanisms.

I. Hmitou, S. Druillennec, A. Valluet, C. Peyssonnaux, and A. Eychene (2007)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 27, 31-43
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Regulation of the RAP1/RAF-1/Extracellularly Regulated Kinase-1/2 Cascade and Prolactin Release by the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/AKT Pathway in Pituitary Cells.

D. Romano, M. Pertuit, R. Rasolonjanahary, J.-V. Barnier, K. Magalon, A. Enjalbert, and C. Gerard (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 6036-6045
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A Splice Variant of CD99 Increases Motility and MMP-9 Expression of Human Breast Cancer Cells through the AKT-, ERK-, and JNK-dependent AP-1 Activation Signaling Pathways.

H.-J. Byun, I.-K. Hong, E. Kim, Y.-J. Jin, D.-I. Jeoung, J.-H. Hahn, Y.-M. Kim, S. H. Park, and H. Lee (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 34833-34847
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Induction of Krox-24 by Endogenous Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptors in Neuro2A Cells Is Mediated by the MEK-ERK MAPK Pathway and Is Suppressed by the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway.

E. S. Graham, N. Ball, E. L. Scotter, P. Narayan, M. Dragunow, and M. Glass (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 29085-29095
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Differential Roles of Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase-1 and Akt1 Expression and Phosphorylation in Breast Cancer Cell Resistance to Paclitaxel, Doxorubicin, and Gemcitabine.

K. Liang, Y. Lu, X. Li, X. Zeng, R. I. Glazer, G. B. Mills, and Z. Fan (2006)
Mol. Pharmacol. 70, 1045-1052
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Akt Down-Regulates ERK1/2 Nuclear Localization and Angiotensin II-induced Cell Proliferation through PEA-15.

M. Gervais, C. Dugourd, L. Muller, C. Ardidie, B. Canton, L. Loviconi, P. Corvol, H. Chneiweiss, and C. Monnot (2006)
Mol. Biol. Cell 17, 3940-3951
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Scaffolding Protein Grb2-associated Binder 1 Sustains Epidermal Growth Factor-induced Mitogenic and Survival Signaling by Multiple Positive Feedback Loops.

A. Kiyatkin, E. Aksamitiene, N. I. Markevich, N. M. Borisov, J. B. Hoek, and B. N. Kholodenko (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 19925-19938
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Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1 Are Downregulated in Aging-Related Loss of Skeletal Muscle.

E. Edstrom, M. Altun, M. Hagglund, and B. Ulfhake (2006)
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 61, 663-674
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Macrophage-Colony-Stimulating Factor-Induced Proliferation and Lipopolysaccharide-Dependent Activation of Macrophages Requires Raf-1 Phosphorylation to Induce Mitogen Kinase Phosphatase-1 Expression..

E. Sanchez-Tillo, M. Comalada, C. Farrera, A. F. Valledor, J. Lloberas, and A. Celada (2006)
J. Immunol. 176, 6594-6602
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IGF-I and insulin receptor signal transduction in trout muscle cells.

J. Castillo, I. Ammendrup-Johnsen, M. Codina, I. Navarro, and J. Gutierrez (2006)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 290, R1683-R1690
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Akt Signaling and Growth of the Heart.

K. Walsh (2006)
Circulation 113, 2032-2034
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Akt1 Is Required for Physiological Cardiac Growth.

B. DeBosch, I. Treskov, T. S. Lupu, C. Weinheimer, A. Kovacs, M. Courtois, and A. J. Muslin (2006)
Circulation 113, 2097-2104
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Melittin Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation through Induction of Apoptosis via Suppression of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B and Akt Activation and Enhancement of Apoptotic Protein Expression.

D. J. Son, S. J. Ha, H. S. Song, Y. Lim, Y. P. Yun, J. W. Lee, D. C. Moon, Y. H. Park, B. S. Park, M. J. Song, et al. (2006)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 317, 627-634
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Varicella-zoster virus influences the activities of components and targets of the ERK signalling pathway..

M. Rahaus, N. Desloges, and M. H. Wolff (2006)
J. Gen. Virol. 87, 749-758
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Genetic alterations in signaling pathways in melanoma..

F. G. Haluska, H. Tsao, H. Wu, F. S. Haluska, A. Lazar, and V. Goel (2006)
Clin. Cancer Res. 12, 2301s-2307s
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Dedifferentiation of Adult Monkey Sertoli Cells through Activation of Extracellularly Regulated Kinase 1/2 Induced by Heat Treatment.

X.-S. Zhang, Z.-H. Zhang, X. Jin, P. Wei, X.-Q. Hu, M. Chen, C.-L. Lu, Y.-H. Lue, Z.-Y. Hu, A. P. Sinha Hikim, et al. (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 1237-1245
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Identification of Novel In Vivo Raf-1 Phosphorylation Sites Mediating Positive Feedback Raf-1 Regulation by Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase.

V. Balan, D. T. Leicht, J. Zhu, K. Balan, A. Kaplun, V. Singh-Gupta, J. Qin, H. Ruan, M. J. Comb, and G. Tzivion (2006)
Mol. Biol. Cell 17, 1141-1153
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Inhibition of Akt signaling and enhanced ERK1/2 activity are involved in induction of macroautophagy by triterpenoid B-group soyasaponins in colon cancer cells.

A. A. Ellington, M. A. Berhow, and K. W. Singletary (2006)
Carcinogenesis 27, 298-306
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Distinct roles of Akt1 and Akt2 in regulating cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

H. Y. Irie, R. V. Pearline, D. Grueneberg, M. Hsia, P. Ravichandran, N. Kothari, S. Natesan, and J. S. Brugge (2005)
J. Cell Biol. 171, 1023-1034
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Effect of Cholesterol Depletion on Mitogenesis and Survival: The Role of Caveolar and Noncaveolar Domains in Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Mediated Cellular Function.

L. C. Matthews, M. J. Taggart, and M. Westwood (2005)
Endocrinology 146, 5463-5473
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Class IA Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Regulates Heart Size and Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy.

J. Luo, J. R. McMullen, C. L. Sobkiw, L. Zhang, A. L. Dorfman, M. C. Sherwood, M. N. Logsdon, J. W. Horner, R. A. DePinho, S. Izumo, et al. (2005)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 9491-9502
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Raf: A Strategic Target for Therapeutic Development Against Cancer.

M. Beeram, A. Patnaik, and E. K. Rowinsky (2005)
J. Clin. Oncol. 23, 6771-6790
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CNK1 Is a Scaffold Protein That Regulates Src-mediated Raf-1 Activation.

A. Ziogas, K. Moelling, and G. Radziwill (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 24205-24211
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Akt Phosphorylates Tal1 Oncoprotein and Inhibits Its Repressor Activity.

A. Palamarchuk, A. Efanov, V. Maximov, R. I. Aqeilan, C. M. Croce, and Y. Pekarsky (2005)
Cancer Res. 65, 4515-4519
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A3 Adenosine Receptor Activation Inhibits Cell Proliferation via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt-dependent Inhibition of the Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1/2 Phosphorylation in A375 Human Melanoma Cells.

S. Merighi, A. Benini, P. Mirandola, S. Gessi, K. Varani, E. Leung, S. Maclennan, and P. A. Borea (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 19516-19526
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Pharmacologic inhibitors of PI3K/Akt potentiate the apoptotic action of the antileukemic drug arsenic trioxide via glutathione depletion and increased peroxide accumulation in myeloid leukemia cells.

A. M. Ramos, C. Fernandez, D. Amran, P. Sancho, E. de Blas, and P. Aller (2005)
Blood 105, 4013-4020
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