Yanqiu Chen,^* Martin J. Cann,^* Tatiana N. Litvin, Vadim Iourgenko, Meeghan L. Sinclair, Lonny R. Levin, Jochen Buck

Spermatozoa undergo a poorly understood activation process induced by bicarbonate and mediated by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). It has been assumed that bicarbonate mediates its effects through changes in intracellular pH or membrane potential; however, we demonstrate here that bicarbonate directly stimulates mammalian soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) activity in vivo and in vitro in a pH-independent manner. sAC is most similar to adenylyl cyclases from cyanobacteria, and bicarbonate regulation of cyclase activity is conserved in these early forms of life. sAC is also expressed in other bicarbonate-responsive tissues, which suggests that bicarbonate regulation of cAMP signaling plays a fundamental role in many biological systems.

Department of Pharmacology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
^*   These authors contributed equally to this work.

   To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Functional human sperm capacitation requires both bicarbonate-dependent PKA activation and down-regulation of Ser/Thr phosphatases by Src family kinases.

M. A. Battistone, V. G. Da Ros, A. M. Salicioni, F. A. Navarrete, D. Krapf, P. E. Visconti, and P. S. Cuasnicu (2013)
Mol. Hum. Reprod.
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

cAMP and Mitochondria.

F. Valsecchi, L. S. Ramos-Espiritu, J. Buck, L. R. Levin, and G. Manfredi (2013)
Physiology 28, 199-209
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The Divergence, Actions, Roles, and Relatives of Sodium-Coupled Bicarbonate Transporters.

M. D. Parker and W. F. Boron (2013)
Physiol Rev 93, 803-959
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Type 10 Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase Is Overexpressed in Prostate Carcinoma and Controls Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells.

J.-P. Flacke, H. Flacke, A. Appukuttan, R.-J. Palisaar, J. Noldus, B. D. Robinson, H. P. Reusch, J. H. Zippin, and Y. Ladilov (2013)
J. Biol. Chem. 288, 3126-3135
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Inhibition of sperm capacitation and fertilizing capacity by adjudin is mediated by chloride and its channels in humans.

K. Li, Y. Ni, Y. He, W.-Y. Chen, J.-X. Lu, C. Y. Cheng, R.-S. Ge, and Q.-X. Shi (2013)
Hum. Reprod. 28, 47-59
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Differential Expression of Select Members of the SLC Family of Genes and Regulation of Expression by MicroRNAs in the Chicken Oviduct.

C.-H. Lim, W. Jeong, W. Lim, J. Kim, G. Song, and F. W. Bazer (2012)
Biol Reprod 87, 145
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Regulation of male fertility by CFTR and implications in male infertility.

H. Chen, Y. C. Ruan, W. M. Xu, J. Chen, and H. C. Chan (2012)
Hum. Reprod. Update 18, 703-713
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Bicarbonate-dependent chloride transport drives fluid secretion by the human airway epithelial cell line Calu-3.

J. Shan, J. Liao, J. Huang, R. Robert, M. L. Palmer, S. C. Fahrenkrug, S. M. O'Grady, and J. W. Hanrahan (2012)
J. Physiol. 590, 5273-5297
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Ion Channels in Sperm Physiology and Male Fertility and Infertility.

K. K. Shukla, A. A. Mahdi, and S. Rajender (2012)
33, 777-788
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

New insights into the dynamic regulation of water and acid-base balance by renal epithelial cells.

D. Brown, R. Bouley, T. G. Paunescu, S. Breton, and H. A. J. Lu (2012)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 302, C1421-C1433
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Molecular Mechanisms of Acid-Base Sensing by the Kidney.

D. Brown and C. A. Wagner (2012)
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 23, 774-780
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The Physiology of Bicarbonate Transporters in Mammalian Reproduction.

Y. Liu, D.-K. Wang, and L.-M. Chen (2012)
Biol Reprod 86, 99
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The testis anion transporter TAT1 (SLC26A8) physically and functionally interacts with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channel: a potential role during sperm capacitation.

B. Rode, T. Dirami, N. Bakouh, M. Rizk-Rabin, C. Norez, P. Lhuillier, P. Lores, M. Jollivet, P. Melin, I. Zvetkova, et al. (2012)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 21, 1287-1298
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Impaired CFTR-Dependent Amplification of FSH-Stimulated Estrogen Production in Cystic Fibrosis and PCOS.

H. Chen, J. H. Guo, Y. C. Lu, G. L. Ding, M. K. Yu, L. L. Tsang, K. L. Fok, X. M. Liu, X. H. Zhang, Y. W. Chung, et al. (2012)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, 923-932
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Role of soluble adenylyl cyclase in the heart.

J. Chen, L. R. Levin, and J. Buck (2012)
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 302, H538-H543
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Type 10 adenylyl cyclase mediates mitochondrial Bax translocation and apoptosis of adult rat cardiomyocytes under simulated ischaemia/reperfusion.

A. Appukuttan, S. A. Kasseckert, M. Micoogullari, J.-P. Flacke, S. Kumar, A. Woste, Y. Abdallah, L. Pott, H. P. Reusch, and Y. Ladilov (2012)
Cardiovasc Res 93, 340-349
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

CO2-cAMP-Responsive cis-Elements Targeted by a Transcription Factor with CREB/ATF-Like Basic Zipper Domain in the Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

N. Ohno, T. Inoue, R. Yamashiki, K. Nakajima, Y. Kitahara, M. Ishibashi, and Y. Matsuda (2012)
Plant Physiology 158, 499-513
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Regulation of Anterior Chamber Drainage by Bicarbonate-sensitive Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase in the Ciliary Body.

Y. S. Lee, M. Tresguerres, K. Hess, L. Y. Marmorstein, L. R. Levin, J. Buck, and A. D. Marmorstein (2011)
J. Biol. Chem. 286, 41353-41358
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Redefining the components of central CO2 chemosensitivity - towards a better understanding of mechanism.

R. T. R. Huckstepp and N. Dale (2011)
J. Physiol. 589, 5561-5579
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Establishment of Cell-Cell Cross Talk in the Epididymis: Control of Luminal Acidification.

W. W. C. Shum, Y. C. Ruan, N. Da Silva, and S. Breton (2011)
32, 576-586
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A Phosphodiesterase 2A Isoform Localized to Mitochondria Regulates Respiration.

R. Acin-Perez, M. Russwurm, K. Gunnewig, M. Gertz, G. Zoidl, L. Ramos, J. Buck, L. R. Levin, J. Rassow, G. Manfredi, et al. (2011)
J. Biol. Chem. 286, 30423-30432
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Activator YC-1 Increases Intracellular cGMP and cAMP via Independent Mechanisms in INS-1E Cells.

L. S. Ramos-Espiritu, K. C. Hess, J. Buck, and L. R. Levin (2011)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 338, 925-931
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Light-mediated activation reveals a key role for protein kinase A and sarcoma protein kinase in the development of sperm hyper-activated motility.

S. Shahar, A. Wiser, D. Ickowicz, R. Lubart, A. Shulman, and H. Breitbart (2011)
Hum. Reprod. 26, 2274-2282
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Rediscovering sperm ion channels with the patch-clamp technique.

Y. Kirichok and P. V. Lishko (2011)
Mol. Hum. Reprod. 17, 478-499
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Mathematical modeling of calcium signaling during sperm hyperactivation.

S. D. Olson, L. J. Fauci, and S. S. Suarez (2011)
Mol. Hum. Reprod. 17, 500-510
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Emerging themes of cAMP regulation of the pulmonary endothelial barrier.

S. L. Sayner (2011)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 300, L667-L678
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Glucose- and Hormone-Induced cAMP Oscillations in {alpha}- and {beta}-Cells Within Intact Pancreatic Islets.

G. Tian, S. Sandler, E. Gylfe, and A. Tengholm (2011)
Diabetes 60, 1535-1543
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Deletion of the Slo3 gene abolishes alkalization-activated K+ current in mouse spermatozoa.

X.-H. Zeng, C. Yang, S. T. Kim, C. J. Lingle, and X.-M. Xia (2011)
PNAS 108, 5879-5884
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Receptor-type guanylate cyclase is required for carbon dioxide sensation by Caenorhabditis elegans.

E. A. Hallem, W. C. Spencer, R. D. McWhirter, G. Zeller, S. R. Henz, G. Ratsch, D. M. Miller III, H. R. Horvitz, P. W. Sternberg, and N. Ringstad (2011)
PNAS 108, 254-259
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Functional Dissection of Adenylate Cyclase R, an Inducer of Spore Encapsulation.

Z.-h. Chen, C. Schilde, and P. Schaap (2010)
J. Biol. Chem. 285, 41724-41731
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Testicular Expression of Adora3i2 in Adora3 Knockout Mice Reveals a Role of Mouse A3Ri2 and Human A3Ri3 Adenosine Receptors in Sperm.

L. A. Burnett, E. M. Blais, J. D. Unadkat, B. Hille, S. L. Tilley, and D. F. Babcock (2010)
J. Biol. Chem. 285, 33662-33670
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Decreased Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in Cystic Fibrosis Is Related to Defective Apical Bicarbonate Exchange and Affects Ciliary Beat Frequency Regulation.

A. Schmid, Z. Sutto, N. Schmid, L. Novak, P. Ivonnet, G. Horvath, G. Conner, N. Fregien, and M. Salathe (2010)
J. Biol. Chem. 285, 29998-30007
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A Bicarbonate Cofactor Modulates 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-Coenzyme A Synthase in Menaquinone Biosynthesis of Escherichia coli.

M. Jiang, M. Chen, Z.-F. Guo, and Z. Guo (2010)
J. Biol. Chem. 285, 30159-30169
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Bicarbonate-Dependent Serine/Threonine Protein Dephosphorylation in Capacitating Boar Spermatozoa.

F. A. Alnagar, P. Brennan, and I. A. Brewis (2010)
31, 393-405
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Involvement of CFTR in oviductal HCO3- secretion and its effect on soluble adenylate cyclase-dependent early embryo development.

M. H. Chen, H. Chen, Z. Zhou, Y. C. Ruan, H. Y. Wong, Y. C. Lu, J. H. Guo, Y. W. Chung, P. B. Huang, H. F. Huang, et al. (2010)
Hum. Reprod. 25, 1744-1754
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Modulation of NaCl absorption by [HCOFormula] in the marine teleost intestine is mediated by soluble adenylyl cyclase.

M. Tresguerres, L. R. Levin, J. Buck, and M. Grosell (2010)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 299, R62-R71
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Calcium Signaling Through CatSper Channels in Mammalian Fertilization.

D. Ren and J. Xia (2010)
Physiology 25, 165-175
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Absence of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Leads to Physiological Alterations in the Mouse Epididymis and Consequent Defects in Sperm Function.

A. Joseph, R. A. Hess, D. J. Schaeffer, C. Ko, S. Hudgin-Spivey, P. Chambon, and B. D. Shur (2010)
Biol Reprod 82, 948-957
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

cAMP stimulates apical V-ATPase accumulation, microvillar elongation, and proton extrusion in kidney collecting duct A-intercalated cells.

T. G. Paunescu, M. Ljubojevic, L. M. Russo, C. Winter, M. M. McLaughlin, C. A. Wagner, S. Breton, and D. Brown (2010)
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 298, F643-F654
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

CFTR is essential for sperm fertilizing capacity and is correlated with sperm quality in humans.

C.-Y. Li, L.-Y. Jiang, W.-Y. Chen, K. Li, H.-Q. Sheng, Y. Ni, J.-X. Lu, W.-X. Xu, S.-Y. Zhang, and Q.-X. Shi (2010)
Hum. Reprod. 25, 317-327
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Bicarbonate-sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase is an essential sensor for acid/base homeostasis.

M. Tresguerres, S. K. Parks, E. Salazar, L. R. Levin, G. G. Goss, and J. Buck (2010)
PNAS 107, 442-447
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Carbonic anhydrases in fungi.

S. Elleuche and S. Poggeler (2010)
Microbiology 156, 23-29
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Elevated CO2 suppresses specific Drosophila innate immune responses and resistance to bacterial infection.

I. T. Helenius, T. Krupinski, D. W. Turnbull, Y. Gruenbaum, N. Silverman, E. A. Johnson, P. H. S. Sporn, J. I. Sznajder, and G. J. Beitel (2009)
PNAS 106, 18710-18715
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Differential Inhibition of Various Adenylyl Cyclase Isoforms and Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase by 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl)-Substituted Nucleoside 5'-Triphosphates.

S. Suryanarayana, M. Gottle, M. Hubner, A. Gille, T.-C. Mou, S. R. Sprang, M. Richter, and R. Seifert (2009)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 330, 687-695
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Soluble adenylyl cyclase-dependent microtubule disassembly reveals a novel mechanism of endothelial cell retraction.

N. Prasain, M. Alexeyev, R. Balczon, and T. Stevens (2009)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 297, L73-L83
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Regulation of luminal acidification in the male reproductive tract via cell-cell crosstalk.

W. W. C. Shum, N. Da Silva, D. Brown, and S. Breton (2009)
J. Exp. Biol. 212, 1753-1761
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Regulation of the V-ATPase in kidney epithelial cells: dual role in acid-base homeostasis and vesicle trafficking.

D. Brown, T. G. Paunescu, S. Breton, and V. Marshansky (2009)
J. Exp. Biol. 212, 1762-1772
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase Controls Mitochondria-dependent Apoptosis in Coronary Endothelial Cells.

S. Kumar, S. Kostin, J.-P. Flacke, H. P. Reusch, and Y. Ladilov (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 14760-14768
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in reproductive health and disease.

H. C. Chan, Y. C. Ruan, Q. He, M. H. Chen, H. Chen, W. M. Xu, W. Y. Chen, C. Xie, X. H. Zhang, and Z. Zhou (2009)
J. Physiol. 587, 2187-2195
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits alkaline pH- and PKA-induced apical vacuolar H+-ATPase accumulation in epididymal clear cells.

K. R. Hallows, R. Alzamora, H. Li, F. Gong, C. Smolak, D. Neumann, and N. M. Pastor-Soler (2009)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 296, C672-C681
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Regulation of Epithelial Na+ Transport by Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase in Kidney Collecting Duct Cells.

K. R. Hallows, H. Wang, R. S. Edinger, M. B. Butterworth, N. M. Oyster, H. Li, J. Buck, L. R. Levin, J. P. Johnson, and N. M. Pastor-Soler (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 5774-5783
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Guanylyl cyclase-D in the olfactory CO2 neurons is activated by bicarbonate.

L. Sun, H. Wang, J. Hu, J. Han, H. Matsunami, and M. Luo (2009)
PNAS 106, 2041-2046
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Stimulation of Mammalian G-protein-responsive Adenylyl Cyclases by Carbon Dioxide.

P. D. Townsend, P. M. Holliday, S. Fenyk, K. C. Hess, M. A. Gray, D. R. W. Hodgson, and M. J. Cann (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 784-791
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Cl- Is Required for HCO3- Entry Necessary for Sperm Capacitation in Guinea Pig: Involvement of a Cl-/HCO3- Exchanger (SLC26A3) and CFTR.

W. Y. Chen, W. M. Xu, Z. H. Chen, Y. Ni, Y. Y. Yuan, S. C. Zhou, W. W. Zhou, L. L. Tsang, Y. W. Chung, P. Hoglund, et al. (2009)
Biol Reprod 80, 115-123
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Control of hyperactivation in sperm.

S. S. Suarez (2008)
Hum. Reprod. Update 14, 647-657
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Regulation of smooth muscle contractility by the epithelium in rat vas deferens: role of ATP-induced release of PGE2.

Y. C. Ruan, Z. Wang, J. Y. Du, W. L. Zuo, J. H. Guo, J. Zhang, Z. L. Wu, H. Y. Wong, Y. W. Chung, H. C. Chan, et al. (2008)
J. Physiol. 586, 4843-4857
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Glucose and GLP-1 Stimulate cAMP Production via Distinct Adenylyl Cyclases in INS-1E Insulinoma Cells.

L. S. Ramos, J. H. Zippin, M. Kamenetsky, J. Buck, and L. R. Levin (2008)
J. Gen. Physiol. 132, 329-338
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A carbon dioxide avoidance behavior is integrated with responses to ambient oxygen and food in Caenorhabditis elegans.

A. J. Bretscher, K. E. Busch, and M. de Bono (2008)
PNAS 105, 8044-8049
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Advances in Male Contraception.

S. T. Page, J. K. Amory, and W. J. Bremner (2008)
Endocr. Rev. 29, 465-493
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Activation of Cyclic AMP Signaling in Ae2-deficient Mouse Fibroblasts.

P. Mardones, J. F. Medina, and R. P. J. O. Elferink (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 12146-12153
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase Is Not Required for Axon Guidance to Netrin-1.

S. W. Moore, K. Lai Wing Sun, F. Xie, P. A. Barker, M. Conti, and T. E. Kennedy (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 3920-3924
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Spectrin-anchored phosphodiesterase 4D4 restricts cAMP from disrupting microtubules and inducing endothelial cell gap formation.

J. Creighton, B. Zhu, M. Alexeyev, and T. Stevens (2008)
J. Cell Sci. 121, 110-119
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Association of soluble adenylyl cyclase with the V-ATPase in renal epithelial cells.

T. G. Paunescu, N. Da Silva, L. M. Russo, M. McKee, H. A. J. Lu, S. Breton, and D. Brown (2008)
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 294, F130-F138
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Adenosine and Catecholamine Agonists Speed the Flagellar Beat of Mammalian Sperm by a Non-Receptor-Mediated Mechanism.

S. M Schuh, B. Hille, and D. F Babcock (2007)
Biol Reprod 77, 960-969
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Calmodulin and CaMKII in the Sperm Principal Piece: Evidence for a Motility-Related Calcium/Calmodulin Pathway.

K. Schlingmann, M. A. Michaut, J. L. Mcelwee, C. A. Wolff, A. J. Travis, and R. M. Turner (2007)
28, 706-716
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Oxytocin and Vasopressin Stimulate Anion Secretion by Human and Porcine Vas Deferens Epithelia.

T. M Hagedorn, R. W Carlin, and B. D Schultz (2007)
Biol Reprod 77, 416-424
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

What can we learn about fertilization from cystic fibrosis?.

H. M. Florman, M. K. Jungnickel, and K. A. Sutton (2007)
PNAS 104, 11123-11124
 |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase Is Localized to Cilia and Contributes to Ciliary Beat Frequency Regulation via Production of cAMP.

A. Schmid, Z. Sutto, M.-C. Nlend, G. Horvath, N. Schmid, J. Buck, L. R. Levin, G. E. Conner, N. Fregien, and M. Salathe (2007)
J. Gen. Physiol. 130, 99-109
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Organization and Ca2+ Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclases in cAMP Microdomains.

D. Willoughby and D. M. F. Cooper (2007)
Physiol Rev 87, 965-1010
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is vital to sperm fertilizing capacity and male fertility.

W. M. Xu, Q. X. Shi, W. Y. Chen, C. X. Zhou, Y. Ni, D. K. Rowlands, G. Yi Liu, H. Zhu, Z. G. Ma, X. F. Wang, et al. (2007)
PNAS 104, 9816-9821
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A sperm-specific Na+/H+ exchanger (sNHE) is critical for expression and in vivo bicarbonate regulation of the soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC).

D. Wang, J. Hu, I. A. Bobulescu, T. A. Quill, P. McLeroy, O. W. Moe, and D. L. Garbers (2007)
PNAS 104, 9325-9330
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The Response of Bovine Spermatozoa to Bicarbonate and Its Use to Assess the Influence of Added Oviductal Epithelial Proteins on Cryopreservation.

N. S. Prathalingam, P. F. Watson, S. G. Revell, J. Busby, and W. V. Holt (2007)
28, 407-415
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

V-H+-ATPase translocation during blood alkalosis in dogfish gills: interaction with carbonic anhydrase and involvement in the postfeeding alkaline tide.

M. Tresguerres, S. K. Parks, C. M. Wood, and G. G. Goss (2007)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 292, R2012-R2019
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

PKA, Germ Cells, and Fertility.

K. A. Burton and G. S. McKnight (2007)
Physiology 22, 40-46
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Borrelia burgdorferi Alters Its Gene Expression and Antigenic Profile in Response to CO2 Levels.

J. A. Hyde, J. P. Trzeciakowski, and J. T. Skare (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 437-445
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

New insights into the regulation of V-ATPase-dependent proton secretion.

S. Breton and D. Brown (2007)
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292, F1-F10
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

CO2 Sensing at Ocean Surface Mediated by cAMP in a Marine Diatom.

H. Harada, K. Nakajima, K. Sakaue, and Y. Matsuda (2006)
Plant Physiology 142, 1318-1328
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Changes in Membrane Lipid Order With Capacitation in Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) Spermatozoa.

J. Baumber and S. A. Meyers (2006)
27, 578-587
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase Mediates Nerve Growth Factor-induced Activation of Rap1.

A. M. Stessin, J. H. Zippin, M. Kamenetsky, K. C. Hess, J. Buck, and L. R. Levin (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 17253-17258
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Sperm selection and competition in pigs may be mediated by the differential motility activation and suppression of sperm subpopulations within the oviduct.

N. Satake, R. M. A. Elliott, P. F. Watson, and W. V. Holt (2006)
J. Exp. Biol. 209, 1560-1572
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Calcium-induced Acrosomal Exocytosis Requires cAMP Acting through a Protein Kinase A-independent, Epac-mediated Pathway.

M. T. Branham, L. S. Mayorga, and C. N. Tomes (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 8656-8666
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase Reveals the Significance of cAMP Compartmentation on Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cell Barrier.

S. L. Sayner, M. Alexeyev, C. W. Dessauer, and T. Stevens (2006)
Circ. Res. 98, 675-681
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Signaling Pathways for Modulation of Mouse Sperm Motility by Adenosine and Catecholamine Agonists.

S. M. Schuh, A. E. Carlson, G. S. McKnight, M. Conti, B. Hille, and D. F. Babcock (2006)
Biol Reprod 74, 492-500
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Role of Acid/Base Transporters in the Male Reproductive Tract and Potential Consequences of Their Malfunction.

N. Pastor-Soler, C. Pietrement, and S. Breton (2005)
Physiology 20, 417-428
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Sensing of Inorganic Carbon Limitation in Synechococcus PCC7942 Is Correlated with the Size of the Internal Inorganic Carbon Pool and Involves Oxygen.

F. J. Woodger, M. R. Badger, and G. D. Price (2005)
Plant Physiology 139, 1959-1969
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Regulation of CFTR channels by HCO3--sensitive soluble adenylyl cyclase in human airway epithelial cells.

Y. Wang, C. S. Lam, F. Wu, W. Wang, Y. Duan, and P. Huang (2005)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 289, C1145-C1151
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Characterization of the endocannabinoid system in boar spermatozoa and implications for sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction.

M. Maccarrone, B. Barboni, A. Paradisi, N. Bernabo, V. Gasperi, M. G. Pistilli, F. Fezza, P. Lucidi, and M. Mattioli (2005)
J. Cell Sci. 118, 4393-4404
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Identification of a New Variant of PDE1A Calmodulin-Stimulated Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Expressed in Mouse Sperm.

V. Vasta, W. K. Sonnenburg, C. Yan, S. H. Soderling, M. Shimizu-Albergine, and J. A. Beavo (2005)
Biol Reprod 73, 598-609
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Regulation of the Expression of Intracellular {beta}-Carbonic Anhydrase in Response to CO2 and Light in the Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

H. Harada, D. Nakatsuma, M. Ishida, and Y. Matsuda (2005)
Plant Physiology 139, 1041-1050
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Microtubule-independent and Protein Kinase A-mediated Function of Kinesin KIF17b Controls the Intracellular Transport of Activator of CREM in Testis (ACT).

N. Kotaja, B. Macho, and P. Sassone-Corsi (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 31739-31745
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A Novel Mechanism for Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibition from the Crystal Structure of Its Complex with Catechol Estrogen.

C. Steegborn, T. N. Litvin, K. C. Hess, A. B. Capper, R. Taussig, J. Buck, L. R. Levin, and H. Wu (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 31754-31759
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »