Biserka Mulac-Jericevic, Robert A. Mullinax, Francesco J. DeMayo, John P. Lydon, Orla M. Conneely^*

Progesterone regulates reproductive function through two intracellular receptors, progesterone receptor-A (PR-A) and progesterone receptor-B (PR-B), that arise from a single gene and function as transcriptional regulators of progesterone-responsive genes. Although in vitro studies show that PR isoforms can display different transcriptional regulatory activities, their physiological significance is unknown. By selective ablation of PR-A in mice, we show that the PR-B isoform modulates a subset of reproductive functions of progesterone by regulation of a subset of progesterone-responsive target genes. Thus, PR-A and PR-B are functionally distinct mediators of progesterone action in vivo and should provide suitable targets for generation of tissue-selective progestins.

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
^*   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: orlac{at}bcm.tmc.edu

Nuclear Receptors in Bone Physiology and Diseases.

Y. Imai, M.-Y. Youn, K. Inoue, I. Takada, A. Kouzmenko, and S. Kato (2013)
Physiol Rev 93, 481-523
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Ulipristal Blocks Ovulation by Inhibiting Progesterone Receptor-Dependent Pathways Intrinsic to the Ovary.

S. Nallasamy, J. Kim, R. Sitruk-Ware, M. Bagchi, and I. Bagchi (2013)
Reproductive Sciences 20, 371-381
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Progesterone Action in Endometrial Cancer, Endometriosis, Uterine Fibroids, and Breast Cancer.

J. J. Kim, T. Kurita, and S. E. Bulun (2013)
Endocr. Rev. 34, 130-162
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Canid Progesterone Receptors Lack Activation Function 3 Domain-Dependent Activity.

A. Gracanin, M. E. van Wolferen, C. A. Sartorius, A. B. Brenkman, W. G. Schoonen, and J. A. Mol (2012)
Endocrinology 153, 6104-6113
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The Reproductive Phenotype of Mice Null for Transcription Factor Kruppel-Like Factor 13 Suggests Compensatory Function of Family Member Kruppel-Like Factor 9 in the Peri-Implantation Uterus.

M. E. Heard, J. M. P. Pabona, C. Clayberger, A. M. Krensky, F. A. Simmen, and R. C. M. Simmen (2012)
Biol Reprod 87, 115
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The progesterone-responsive gene 14-3-3{tau} enhances the transcriptional activity of progesterone receptor in uterine cells.

M. Ito, T. Urano, H. Hiroi, M. Momoeda, M. Saito, Y. Hosokawa, R. Tsutsumi, F. Zenri, M. Koizumi, H. Nakae, et al. (2012)
J. Mol. Endocrinol. 49, 193-202
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Research Resource: Genome-Wide Profiling of Progesterone Receptor Binding in the Mouse Uterus.

C. A. Rubel, R. B. Lanz, R. Kommagani, H. L. Franco, J. P. Lydon, and F. J. DeMayo (2012)
Mol. Endocrinol. 26, 1428-1442
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Role of Estrogen Receptor Signaling Required for Endometriosis-Like Lesion Establishment in a Mouse Model.

K. A. Burns, K. F. Rodriguez, S. C. Hewitt, K. S. Janardhan, S. L. Young, and K. S. Korach (2012)
Endocrinology 153, 3960-3971
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Progesterone Receptor-A and -B Have Opposite Effects on Proinflammatory Gene Expression in Human Myometrial Cells: Implications for Progesterone Actions in Human Pregnancy and Parturition.

H. Tan, L. Yi, N. S. Rote, W. W. Hurd, and S. Mesiano (2012)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, E719-E730
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

High throughput, cell type-specific analysis of key proteins in human endometrial biopsies of women from fertile and infertile couples.

R. E. Leach, P. Jessmon, C. Coutifaris, M. Kruger, E. R. Myers, R. Ali-Fehmi, S. A. Carson, R. S. Legro, W. D. Schlaff, B. R. Carr, et al. (2012)
Hum. Reprod. 27, 814-828
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Follicular assembly: mechanisms of action.

M. E. Pepling (2012)
Reproduction 143, 139-149
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Smoothelin-like 1 Protein Is a Bifunctional Regulator of the Progesterone Receptor during Pregnancy.

K. Bodoor, B. Lontay, R. Safi, D. H. Weitzel, D. Loiselle, Z. Wei, S. Lengyel, D. P. McDonnell, and T. A. Haystead (2011)
J. Biol. Chem. 286, 31839-31851
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Remodeling of the Cervix and Parturition in Mice Lacking the Progesterone Receptor B Isoform.

S. M. Yellon, B. T. Oshiro, T. Y. Chhaya, T. J. Lechuga, R. M. Dias, A. E. Burns, L. Force, and E. M. Apostolakis (2011)
Biol Reprod 85, 498-502
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Progesterone Receptor Isoform-Specific Promoter Methylation: Association of PRA Promoter Methylation with Worse Outcome in Breast Cancer Patients.

T. N. Pathiraja, P. B. Shetty, J. Jelinek, R. He, R. Hartmaier, A. L. Margossian, S. G. Hilsenbeck, J.-P. J. Issa, and S. Oesterreich (2011)
Clin. Cancer Res. 17, 4177-4186
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

WNTs in the Neonatal Mouse Uterus: Potential Regulation of Endometrial Gland Development.

K. Hayashi, S. Yoshioka, S. N. Reardon, E. B. Rucker III, T. E. Spencer, F. J. DeMayo, J. P. Lydon, and J. A. MacLean II (2011)
Biol Reprod 84, 308-319
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Development and Persistence of Limbic Epileptogenesis Are Impaired in Mice Lacking Progesterone Receptors.

D. S. Reddy and A. Mohan (2011)
J. Neurosci. 31, 650-658
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Progesterone Receptors in the Human Pregnancy Uterus: Do they Hold the Key to Birth Timing?.

S. Mesiano, Y. Wang, and E. R. Norwitz (2011)
Reproductive Sciences 18, 6-19
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Hormone Action in the Mammary Gland.

C. Brisken and B. O'Malley (2010)
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2, a003178
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Genetic variation in the progesterone receptor gene and risk of endometrial cancer: a haplotype-based approach.

E. Lee, C. Hsu, C. A. Haiman, P. Razavi, P. L. Horn-Ross, D. Van Den Berg, L. Bernstein, L. Le Marchand, B. E. Henderson, V. W. Setiawan, et al. (2010)
Carcinogenesis 31, 1392-1399
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Functional Differentiation of Uterine Stromal Cells Involves Cross-Regulation between Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 and Kruppel-Like Factor (KLF) Family Members KLF9 and KLF13.

J. M. P. Pabona, Z. Zeng, F. A. Simmen, and R. C. M. Simmen (2010)
Endocrinology 151, 3396-3406
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The effect of elevated progesterone and pregnancy status on mRNA expression and localisation of progesterone and oestrogen receptors in the bovine uterus.

L. A. Okumu, N. Forde, A. G. Fahey, E. Fitzpatrick, J. F. Roche, M. A. Crowe, and P. Lonergan (2010)
Reproduction 140, 143-153
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Immunocytochemical Localization of Sex Steroid Hormone Receptors in Normal Human Mammary Gland.

S. Li, B. Han, G. Liu, S. Li, J. Ouellet, F. Labrie, and G. Pelletier (2010)
Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 58, 509-515
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

ERBB Receptor Feedback Inhibitor 1 Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Activity Is Critical for Uterine Implantation in Mice.

T. H. Kim, D.-K. Lee, H. L. Franco, J. P. Lydon, and J.-W. Jeong (2010)
Biol Reprod 82, 706-713
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Progesterone receptor A mediates VIP inhibition of contraction.

L. Cheng, P. Biancani, and J. Behar (2010)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 298, G433-G439
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Two distinct mechanisms underlie progesterone-induced proliferation in the mammary gland.

M. Beleut, R. D. Rajaram, M. Caikovski, A. Ayyanan, D. Germano, Y. Choi, P. Schneider, and C. Brisken (2010)
PNAS 107, 2989-2994
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Partial Agonist Activity of the Progesterone Receptor Antagonist RU486 Mediated by an Amino-Terminal Domain Coactivator and Phosphorylation of Serine400.

S. E. Wardell, R. Narayanan, N. L. Weigel, and D. P. Edwards (2010)
Mol. Endocrinol. 24, 335-345
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Progesterone Receptor-Induced Gene Expression in Primary Mouse Granulosa Cell Cultures.

V. Sriraman, M. Sinha, and J. S. Richards (2010)
Biol Reprod 82, 402-412
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Characterization and Expression of the Nuclear Progestin Receptor in Zebrafish Gonads and Brain.

R. N. Hanna, S. C.J. Daly, Y. Pang, I. Anglade, O. Kah, P. Thomas, and Y. Zhu (2010)
Biol Reprod 82, 112-122
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Control of ovulation in mice by progesterone receptor-regulated gene networks.

J. Kim, I. C. Bagchi, and M. K. Bagchi (2009)
Mol. Hum. Reprod. 15, 821-828
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The Mammalian Ovary from Genesis to Revelation.

M. A. Edson, A. K. Nagaraja, and M. M. Matzuk (2009)
Endocr. Rev. 30, 624-712
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Overexpression of progesterone receptor A isoform in mice leads to endometrial hyperproliferation, hyperplasia and atypia.

M.C. Fleisch, Y.C. Chou, R. D. Cardiff, A. Asaithambi, and G. Shyamala (2009)
Mol. Hum. Reprod. 15, 241-249
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Strain-Specific Differences in the Mechanisms of Progesterone Regulation of Murine Mammary Gland Development.

M. D. Aupperlee, A. A. Drolet, S. Durairaj, W. Wang, R. C. Schwartz, and S. Z. Haslam (2009)
Endocrinology 150, 1485-1494
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Experimental Murine Endometriosis Induces DNA Methylation and Altered Gene Expression in Eutopic Endometrium.

B. Lee, H. Du, and H. S. Taylor (2009)
Biol Reprod 80, 79-85
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Steroid Receptor Coactivator-1 from Brain Physically Interacts Differentially with Steroid Receptor Subtypes.

H. A. Molenda-Figueira, S. D. Murphy, K. L. Shea, N. K. Siegal, Y. Zhao, J. G. Chadwick Jr., L. A. Denner, and M. J. Tetel (2008)
Endocrinology 149, 5272-5279
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Progestin Receptor Subtypes in the Brain: The Known and the Unknown.

S. Mani (2008)
Endocrinology 149, 2750-2756
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Delayed Parturition and Altered Myometrial Progesterone Receptor Isoform A Expression in Mice Null for Kruppel-Like Factor 9.

Z. Zeng, M. C. Velarde, F. A. Simmen, and R. C.M. Simmen (2008)
Biol Reprod 78, 1029-1037
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Unique Transcription Start Sites and Distinct Promoter Regions Differentiate the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) Isoforms PXR 1 and PXR 2.

L. M. Tompkins, T. L. Sit, and A. D. Wallace (2008)
Drug Metab. Dispos. 36, 923-929
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Progestin-Regulated Luminal Cell and Myoepithelial Cell-Specific Responses in Mammary Organoid Culture.

S. Z. Haslam, A. Drolet, K. Smith, M. Tan, and M. Aupperlee (2008)
Endocrinology 149, 2098-2107
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Bone Growth and Turnover in Progesterone Receptor Knockout Mice.

D. J. Rickard, U. T. Iwaniec, G. Evans, T. E. Hefferan, J. C. Hunter, K. M. Waters, J. P. Lydon, B. W. O'Malley, S. Khosla, T. C. Spelsberg, et al. (2008)
Endocrinology 149, 2383-2390
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1 Attenuates Expression of Both the Progesterone Receptor and Dickkopf in Differentiated Human Endometrial Stromal Cells.

N. Kane, M. Jones, J. J. Brosens, P. T. K. Saunders, R. W. Kelly, and H. O. D. Critchley (2008)
Mol. Endocrinol. 22, 716-728
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: Estrogen and progesterone signaling: Genomic and nongenomic actions in domestic ruminants.

F. Stormshak and C. V. Bishop (2008)
J Anim Sci 86, 299-315
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Pharmacogenetic Modulation of Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy by Progesterone-Metabolism Genotypes in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk.

T. R. Rebbeck, A. B. Troxel, S. Norman, G. Bunin, A. DeMichele, R. Schinnar, J. A. Berlin, and B. L. Strom (2007)
Am. J. Epidemiol. 166, 1392-1399
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Progesterone Receptor Regulates Bcl-2 Gene Expression through Direct Binding to Its Promoter Region in Uterine Leiomyoma Cells.

P. Yin, Z. Lin, Y.-H. Cheng, E. E. Marsh, H. Utsunomiya, H. Ishikawa, Q. Xue, S. Reierstad, J. Innes, S. Thung, et al. (2007)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92, 4459-4466
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The pattern of {beta}-catenin responsiveness within the mammary gland is regulated by progesterone receptor.

M. Hiremath, J. P. Lydon, and P. Cowin (2007)
Development 134, 3703-3712
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Progestins Reinitiate Cell Cycle Progression in Antiestrogen-Arrested Breast Cancer Cells through the B-Isoform of Progesterone Receptor.

E. M. McGowan, A. J. Russell, V. Boonyaratanakornkit, D. N. Saunders, G. M. Lehrbach, C. M. Sergio, E. A. Musgrove, D. P. Edwards, and R. L. Sutherland (2007)
Cancer Res. 67, 8942-8951
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Expression profiling of rat mammary epithelial cells reveals candidate signaling pathways in dietary protection from mammary tumors.

Y. Su, F. A. Simmen, R. Xiao, and R. C. M. Simmen (2007)
Physiol Genomics 30, 8-16
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Novel Perspectives for Progesterone in Hormone Replacement Therapy, with Special Reference to the Nervous System.

M. Schumacher, R. Guennoun, A. Ghoumari, C. Massaad, F. Robert, M. El-Etr, Y. Akwa, K. Rajkowski, and E.-E. Baulieu (2007)
Endocr. Rev. 28, 387-439
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A Structural and in Vitro Characterization of Asoprisnil: A Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator.

K. P. Madauss, E. T. Grygielko, S.-J. Deng, A. C. Sulpizio, T. B. Stanley, C. Wu, S. A. Short, S. K. Thompson, E. L. Stewart, N. J. Laping, et al. (2007)
Mol. Endocrinol. 21, 1066-1081
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Nuclear Progesterone Receptors in the Human Pregnancy Myometrium: Evidence that Parturition Involves Functional Progesterone Withdrawal Mediated by Increased Expression of Progesterone Receptor-A.

A. A. Merlino, T. N. Welsh, H. Tan, L. J. Yi, V. Cannon, B. M. Mercer, and S. Mesiano (2007)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92, 1927-1933
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Altered expression of HOXA10 in endometriosis: potential role in decidualization.

J.J. Kim, H.S. Taylor, Z. Lu, O. Ladhani, J.M. Hastings, K.S. Jackson, Y. Wu, S.W. Guo, and A.T. Fazleabas (2007)
Mol. Hum. Reprod. 13, 323-332
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Molecular mechanisms of ovulation: co-ordination through the cumulus complex.

D. L. Russell and R. L. Robker (2007)
Hum. Reprod. Update 13, 289-312
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Differential Hormonal Regulation and Function of Progesterone Receptor Isoforms in Normal Adult Mouse Mammary Gland.

M. D. Aupperlee and S. Z. Haslam (2007)
Endocrinology 148, 2290-2300
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Thermodynamic analysis of progesterone receptor-promoter interactions reveals a molecular model for isoform-specific function.

K. D. Connaghan-Jones, A. F. Heneghan, M. T. Miura, and D. L. Bain (2007)
PNAS 104, 2187-2192
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The PROGINS polymorphism of the human progesterone receptor diminishes the response to progesterone.

A. Romano, B. Delvoux, D.-C. Fischer, and P. Groothuis (2007)
J. Mol. Endocrinol. 38, 331-350
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The Role of Extranuclear Signaling Actions of Progesterone Receptor in Mediating Progesterone Regulation of Gene Expression and the Cell Cycle.

V. Boonyaratanakornkit, E. McGowan, L. Sherman, M. A. Mancini, B. J. Cheskis, and D. P. Edwards (2007)
Mol. Endocrinol. 21, 359-375
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Focal Subnuclear Distribution of Progesterone Receptor Is Ligand Dependent and Associated with Transcriptional Activity.

R. L. Arnett-Mansfield, J. D. Graham, A. R. Hanson, P. A. Mote, A. Gompel, L. L. Scurr, N. Gava, A. de Fazio, and C. L. Clarke (2007)
Mol. Endocrinol. 21, 14-29
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Progesterone Receptor Repression of Prolactin/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5-Mediated Transcription of the {beta}-Casein Gene in Mammary Epithelial Cells.

A. C. Buser, E. K. Gass-Handel, S. L. Wyszomierski, W. Doppler, S. A. Leonhardt, J. Schaack, J. M. Rosen, H. Watkin, S. M. Anderson, and D. P. Edwards (2007)
Mol. Endocrinol. 21, 106-125
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Expression and localization of the progesterone receptor in mouse and human reproductive organs.

S. C. Teilmann, C. A. Clement, J. Thorup, A. G. Byskov, and S. T. Christensen (2006)
J. Endocrinol. 191, 525-535
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Overlapping and Distinct Expression of Progesterone Receptors A and B in Mouse Uterus and Mammary Gland during the Estrous Cycle.

P. A. Mote, R. L. Arnett-Mansfield, N. Gava, A. deFazio, B. Mulac-Jericevic, O. M. Conneely, and C. L. Clarke (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 5503-5512
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

FK506-Binding Protein 52 Is Essential to Uterine Reproductive Physiology Controlled by the Progesterone Receptor A Isoform.

Z. Yang, I. M. Wolf, H. Chen, S. Periyasamy, Z. Chen, W. Yong, S. Shi, W. Zhao, J. Xu, A. Srivastava, et al. (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 2682-2694
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Progesterone Receptors (PR)-B and -A Regulate Transcription by Different Mechanisms: AF-3 Exerts Regulatory Control over Coactivator Binding to PR-B.

L. Tung, H. Abdel-Hafiz, T. Shen, D. M. E. Harvell, L. K. Nitao, J. K. Richer, C. A. Sartorius, G. S. Takimoto, and K. B. Horwitz (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 2656-2670
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The Imitation Switch Protein SNF2L Regulates Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Expression during Terminal Differentiation of Ovarian Granulosa Cells.

M. A. Lazzaro, D. Pepin, N. Pescador, B. D. Murphy, B. C. Vanderhyden, and D. J. Picketts (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 2406-2417
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Progesterone Receptor Isoforms A and B Differentially Regulate MUC1 Expression in Uterine Epithelial Cells.

M. J. Brayman, J. Julian, B. Mulac-Jericevic, O. M. Conneely, D. P. Edwards, and D. D. Carson (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 2278-2291
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Estrogen-induced Proliferation of Uterine Epithelial Cells Is Independent of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Binding to Classical Estrogen Response Elements.

J. E. O'Brien, T. J. Peterson, M. H. Tong, E.-J. Lee, L. E. Pfaff, S. C. Hewitt, K. S. Korach, J. Weiss, and J. L. Jameson (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 26683-26692
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Differential expression and regulation of progesterone receptor isoforms in rat and mouse pituitary cells and L{beta}T2 gonadotropes.

J. L Turgeon and D. W Waring (2006)
J. Endocrinol. 190, 837-846
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Developmental and hormonal regulation of progesterone receptor A-form expression in female mouse lung in vivo: interaction with glucocorticoid receptors.

R. Shao, E. Egecioglu, B. Weijdegard, K. Ljungstrom, C. Ling, J. Fernandez-Rodriguez, and H. Billig (2006)
J. Endocrinol. 190, 857-870
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

PGR +331 A/G and Increased Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer..

H. A. Risch, A. E. Bale, P. A. Beck, and W. Zheng (2006)
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 15, 1738-1741
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Effect of age on progesterone receptor expression, and osteoprogenitor proliferation and differentiation in female rat vertebral cell populations.

W. Pei, C. G Bellows, Y. Jia, and J. N M Heersche (2006)
J. Endocrinol. 190, 261-270
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Steroid hormone regulation of Clca3 expression in the murine uterus..

J-W Jeong, K Y Lee, J P Lydon, and F J DeMayo (2006)
J. Endocrinol. 189, 473-484
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Differential Response of Progesterone Receptor Isoforms in Hormone-Dependent and -Independent Facilitation of Female Sexual Receptivity.

S. K. Mani, A. M. Reyna, J. Z. Chen, B. Mulac-Jericevic, and O. M. Conneely (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 1322-1332
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Up-Regulation of the Progesterone Receptor (PR)-C Isoform in Laboring Myometrium by Activation of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B May Contribute to the Onset of Labor through Inhibition of PR Function.

J. C. Condon, D. B. Hardy, K. Kovaric, and C. R. Mendelson (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 764-775
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Progesterone Receptor Transactivation of the Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Gene in Ishikawa Endometrial Epithelial Cells Involves Recruitment of Kruppel-Like Factor 9/Basic Transcription Element Binding Protein-1.

M. C. Velarde, M. Iruthayanathan, R. R. Eason, D. Zhang, F. A. Simmen, and R. C. M. Simmen (2006)
Endocrinology 147, 1969-1978
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Dual Roles for the Phosphatase PPM1D in Regulating Progesterone Receptor Function.

D. A. Proia, B. W. Nannenga, L. A. Donehower, and N. L. Weigel (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 7089-7101
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

GATA5 Activation of the Progesterone Receptor Gene Promoter in Breast Cancer Cells Is Influenced by the +331G/A Polymorphism.

G. S. Huggins, J. Y.Y. Wong, S. E. Hankinson, and I. De Vivo (2006)
Cancer Res. 66, 1384-1390
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Deconstructing mammalian reproduction: using knockouts to define fertility pathways.

A. Roy and M. M Matzuk (2006)
Reproduction 131, 207-219
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Endocrine Regulation of Menstruation.

H. N. Jabbour, R. W. Kelly, H. M. Fraser, and H. O. D. Critchley (2006)
Endocr. Rev. 27, 17-46
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Genetically Modified Animals in Endocrinology.

(2005)
Endocr. Rev. 26, 985-993
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Altered Progesterone Receptor Isoform Expression Remodels Progestin Responsiveness of Breast Cancer Cells.

J. D. Graham, M. L. Yager, H. D. Hill, K. Byth, G. M. O'Neill, and C. L. Clarke (2005)
Mol. Endocrinol. 19, 2713-2735
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From The Cover: Cochaperone immunophilin FKBP52 is critical to uterine receptivity for embryo implantation.

S. Tranguch, J. Cheung-Flynn, T. Daikoku, V. Prapapanich, M. B. Cox, H. Xie, H. Wang, S. K. Das, D. F. Smith, and S. K. Dey (2005)
PNAS 102, 14326-14331
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Regulated expression of putative membrane progestin receptor homologues in human endometrium and gestational tissues.

M S Fernandes, V Pierron, D Michalovich, S Astle, S Thornton, H Peltoketo, E W-F Lam, B Gellersen, I Huhtaniemi, J Allen, et al. (2005)
J. Endocrinol. 187, 89-101
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Role of FOXO1A in the Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-1 in Human Endometrial Cells: Interaction with Progesterone Receptor.

J.J. Kim, O.L. Buzzio, S. Li, and Z. Lu (2005)
Biol Reprod 73, 833-839
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Null Mutation of Kruppel-Like Factor9/Basic Transcription Element Binding Protein-1 Alters Peri-Implantation Uterine Development in Mice.

M. C. Velarde, Y. Geng, R. R. Eason, F. A. Simmen, and R. C.M. Simmen (2005)
Biol Reprod 73, 472-481
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Molecular and Pharmacological Properties of a Potent and Selective Novel Nonsteroidal Progesterone Receptor Agonist Tanaproget.

Z. Zhang, A. M. Olland, Y. Zhu, J. Cohen, T. Berrodin, S. Chippari, C. Appavu, S. Li, J. Wilhem, R. Chopra, et al. (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 28468-28475
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Identification of Murine Uterine Genes Regulated in a Ligand-Dependent Manner by the Progesterone Receptor.

J.-W. Jeong, K. Y. Lee, I. Kwak, L. D. White, S. G. Hilsenbeck, J. P. Lydon, and F. J. DeMayo (2005)
Endocrinology 146, 3490-3505
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Progesterone Receptor Isoforms A and B: Temporal and Spatial Differences in Expression during Murine Mammary Gland Development.

M. D. Aupperlee, K. T. Smith, A. Kariagina, and S. Z. Haslam (2005)
Endocrinology 146, 3577-3588
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Progesterone induces the fibulin-1 expression in human endometrial stromal cells.

T. Nakamoto, H. Okada, T. Nakajima, A. Ikuta, K. Yasuda, and H. Kanzaki (2005)
Hum. Reprod. 20, 1447-1455
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Progesterone Isoforms and Endometrial Cancer.

P. E. Schwartz (2005)
Reproductive Sciences 12, 219-221
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Progesterone-Induced Inhibition of Growth and Differential Regulation of Gene Expression in PRA- and/or PRB-Expressing Endometrial Cancer Cell Lines.

E. Smid-Koopman, L. C. M. Kuhne, E. E. Hanekamp, S. C.J.P. Gielen, P. E. De Ruiter, J. A. Grootegoed, T. J.M. Helmerhorst, C. W. Burger, A. O. Brinkmann, F. J. Huikeshoven, et al. (2005)
Reproductive Sciences 12, 285-292
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Selective progesterone receptor modulators and progesterone antagonists: mechanisms of action and clinical applications.

N. Chabbert-Buffet, G. Meduri, P. Bouchard, and I. M. Spitz (2005)
Hum. Reprod. Update 11, 293-307
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Differentiation of endometrial stromal cells in vitro: down-regulation of suppression of the cell cycle inhibitor p57 by HOXA10?.

K. Qian, H. Chen, Y. Wei, J. Hu, and G. Zhu (2005)
Mol. Hum. Reprod. 11, 245-251
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Progesterone-Independent Effects of Human Progesterone Receptors (PRs) in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: PR Isoform-Specific Gene Regulation and Tumor Biology.

B. M. Jacobsen, S. A. Schittone, J. K. Richer, and K. B. Horwitz (2005)
Mol. Endocrinol. 19, 574-587
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Progesterone-Receptor Antagonists and Statins Decrease De Novo Cholesterol Synthesis and Increase Apoptosis in Rat and Human Periovulatory Granulosa Cells In Vitro.

E. Rung, P. A. Friberg, R. Shao, D.G. J. Larsson, E. Ch. Nielsen, P.-A. Svensson, B. Carlsson, L. M.S. Carlsson, and H. Billig (2005)
Biol Reprod 72, 538-545
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Differential Regulation of Estrogen Receptor (ER){alpha} and ER{beta} in Primate Mammary Gland.

G. Cheng, Y. Li, Y. Omoto, Y. Wang, T. Berg, M. Nord, P. Vihko, M. Warner, Y.-S. Piao, and J.-A. Gustafsson (2005)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 435-444
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Coexistence of Intracellular and Membrane-Bound Progesterone Receptors in Human Testis.

C. Shah, D. Modi, G. Sachdeva, S. Gadkar, and C. Puri (2005)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 474-483
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The orphan receptor Rev-erb{alpha} gene is a target of the circadian clock pacemaker.

G. Triqueneaux, S. Thenot, T. Kakizawa, M. P Antoch, R. Safi, J. S Takahashi, F. Delaunay, and V. Laudet (2004)
J. Mol. Endocrinol. 33, 585-608
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