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Science 293 (5532): 1074-1080

Copyright © 2001 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science

Translating the Histone Code

Thomas Jenuwein,1 C. David Allis2

Chromatin, the physiological template of all eukaryotic genetic information, is subject to a diverse array of posttranslational modifications that largely impinge on histone amino termini, thereby regulating access to the underlying DNA. Distinct histone amino-terminal modifications can generate synergistic or antagonistic interaction affinities for chromatin-associated proteins, which in turn dictate dynamic transitions between transcriptionally active or transcriptionally silent chromatin states. The combinatorial nature of histone amino-terminal modifications thus reveals a "histone code" that considerably extends the information potential of the genetic code. We propose that this epigenetic marking system represents a fundamental regulatory mechanism that has an impact on most, if not all, chromatin-templated processes, with far-reaching consequences for cell fate decisions and both normal and pathological development.

1 Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) at the Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohrgasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: jenuwein{at}nt.imp.univie.ac.at
2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. E-mail: allis{at}virginia.edu

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Science Signaling. ISSN 1937-9145 (online), 1945-0877 (print). Pre-2008: Science's STKE. ISSN 1525-8882