Fernando Gonzalez,^* Agnes Delahodde,^* Thomas Kodadek, Stephen Albert Johnston

The 19S proteasome regulatory particle plays a critical role in cellular proteolysis. However, recent reports have demonstrated that 19S proteins play a nonproteolytic role in nucleotide excision repair and transcription elongation. We show by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays that proteins comprising the 19S complex are recruited to the GAL1-10 promoter by the Gal4 transactivator upon induction with galactose. This recruited complex does not contain proteins from the 20S proteolytic particle and includes a subset of the 19S proteins. This subset is also specifically retained from an extract by the Gal4 activation domain. These data indicate that in vivo, the base of the 19S complex functions independently of the larger complex and plays a direct, nonproteolytic role in RNA polymerase II transcription.

Center for Biomedical Inventions, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA.
^*   These authors contributed equally to this work.

   To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: stephen.johnston{at}utsouthwestern.edu

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N. Zhang, Z. Quan, B. Rash, and S. G. Oliver (2013)
Open Bio 3, 120137
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Functional Proteomic Analysis of Long-term Growth Factor Stimulation and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Coactivation in Swiss 3T3 Fibroblasts.

K. Nagano, A. Akpan, G. Warnasuriya, S. Corless, N. Totty, A. Yang, R. Stein, M. Zvelebil, A. Stensballe, A. Burlingame, et al. (2012)
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The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

D. Finley, H. D. Ulrich, T. Sommer, and P. Kaiser (2012)
Genetics 192, 319-360
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HIRA, a Conserved Histone Chaperone, Plays an Essential Role in Low-dose Stress Response via Transcriptional Stimulation in Fission Yeast.

M. Chujo, Y. Tarumoto, K. Miyatake, E. Nishida, and F. Ishikawa (2012)
J. Biol. Chem. 287, 23440-23450
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Phosphorylation by p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Promotes Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Turnover and Functional Activity via the SCFSkp2 Proteasomal Complex.

S. Bhatt, Z. Xiao, Z. Meng, and B. S. Katzenellenbogen (2012)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 32, 1928-1943
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Similar temporal and spatial recruitment of native 19S and 20S proteasome subunits to transcriptionally active chromatin.

F. Geng and W. P. Tansey (2012)
PNAS 109, 6060-6065
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The RPT2 Subunit of the 26S Proteasome Directs Complex Assembly, Histone Dynamics, and Gametophyte and Sporophyte Development in Arabidopsis.

K.-H. Lee, A. Minami, R. S. Marshall, A. J. Book, L. M. Farmer, J. M. Walker, and R. D. Vierstra (2011)
PLANT CELL 23, 4298-4317
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Distant positioning of proteasomal proteolysis relative to actively transcribed genes.

A. Scharf, P. N. Grozdanov, R. Veith, U. Kubitscheck, U. T. Meier, and A. von Mikecz (2011)
Nucleic Acids Res. 39, 4612-4627
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Not4 E3 Ligase Contributes to Proteasome Assembly and Functional Integrity in Part through Ecm29.

O. O. Panasenko and M. A. Collart (2011)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 31, 1610-1623
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New Suppressors of THO Mutations Identify Thp3 (Ypr045c)-Csn12 as a Protein Complex Involved in Transcription Elongation.

S. Jimeno, C. Tous, M. L. Garcia-Rubio, M. Ranes, C. Gonzalez-Aguilera, A. Marin, and A. Aguilera (2011)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 31, 674-685
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Cks1, Cdk1, and the 19S Proteasome Collaborate To Regulate Gene Induction-Dependent Nucleosome Eviction in Yeast.

S. Chaves, C. Baskerville, V. Yu, and S. I. Reed (2010)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 30, 5284-5294
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Paradoxical Instability-Activity Relationship Defines a Novel Regulatory Pathway for Retinoblastoma Proteins.

P. Acharya, N. Raj, M. S. Buckley, L. Zhang, S. Duperon, G. Williams, R. W. Henry, and D. N. Arnosti (2010)
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Cks1 Activates Transcription by Binding to the Ubiquitylated Proteasome.

R. Holic, A. Kukalev, S. Lane, E. J. Andress, I. Lau, C. W. H. Yu, M. J. Edelmann, B. M. Kessler, and V. P. C. C. Yu (2010)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 30, 3894-3901
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Transcriptional Switches: Chemical Approaches to Gene Regulation.

L. W. Lee and A. K. Mapp (2010)
J. Biol. Chem. 285, 11033-11038
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Extracellular Alveolar Proteasome: Possible Role in Lung Injury and Repair.

S. U. Sixt and J. Peters (2010)
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No Splicing, No Dicing: Non-proteolytic Roles of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Transcription.

T. Kodadek (2010)
J. Biol. Chem. 285, 2221-2226
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The hydrophobic patch of ubiquitin is required to protect transactivator-promoter complexes from destabilization by the proteasomal ATPases.

C. T. Archer and T. Kodadek (2010)
Nucleic Acids Res. 38, 789-796
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The 19 S Proteasome Subcomplex Establishes a Specific Protein Interaction Network at the Promoter for Stimulated Transcriptional Initiation in Vivo.

S. Malik, A. Shukla, P. Sen, and S. R. Bhaumik (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 35714-35724
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Non-proteolytic Regulation of p53-mediated Transcription through Destabilization of the Activator{middle dot}Promoter Complex by the Proteasomal ATPases.

Y.-C. Kim, S.-Y. Wu, H.-S. Lim, C.-M. Chiang, and T. Kodadek (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 34522-34530
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A nonproteolytic proteasome activity controls organelle fission in yeast.

L. Hofmann, R. Saunier, R. Cossard, M. Esposito, T. Rinaldi, and A. Delahodde (2009)
J. Cell Sci. 122, 3673-3683
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Subcomplexes of PA700, the 19 S Regulator of the 26 S Proteasome, Reveal Relative Roles of AAA Subunits in 26 S Proteasome Assembly and Activation and ATPase Activity.

D. Thompson, K. Hakala, and G. N. DeMartino (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 24891-24903
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

FACT and the Proteasome Promote Promoter Chromatin Disassembly and Transcriptional Initiation.

M. Ransom, S. K. Williams, M. L. Dechassa, C. Das, J. Linger, M. Adkins, C. Liu, B. Bartholomew, and J. K. Tyler (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 23461-23471
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Tat-Binding Protein-1 (TBP-1), an ATPase of 19S Regulatory Particles of the 26S Proteasome, Enhances Androgen Receptor Function in Cooperation with TBP-1-Interacting Protein/Hop2.

T. Satoh, T. Ishizuka, T. Tomaru, S. Yoshino, Y. Nakajima, K. Hashimoto, N. Shibusawa, T. Monden, M. Yamada, and M. Mori (2009)
Endocrinology 150, 3283-3290
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The Mdm2 Ubiquitin Ligase Enhances Transcriptional Activity of Human Papillomavirus E2.

N. Gammoh, D. Gardiol, P. Massimi, and L. Banks (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 1538-1543
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Misfolding of Proteins with a Polyglutamine Expansion Is Facilitated by Proteasomal Chaperones.

E. Rousseau, R. Kojima, G. Hoffner, P. Djian, and A. Bertolotti (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 1917-1929
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Regulation of Acetylation at the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Proximal Promoter by the 19S Proteasomal ATPase Sug1.

O. I. Koues, R. K. Dudley, A. D. Truax, D. Gerhardt, K. P. Bhat, S. McNeal, and S. F. Greer (2008)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 28, 5837-5850
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Rice ROOT ARCHITECTURE ASSOCIATED1 Binds the Proteasome Subunit RPT4 and Is Degraded in a D-Box and Proteasome-Dependent Manner.

Y. Han, H. Cao, J. Jiang, Y. Xu, J. Du, X. Wang, M. Yuan, Z. Wang, Z. Xu, and K. Chong (2008)
Plant Physiology 148, 843-855
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Depletion of 26S Proteasomes in Mouse Brain Neurons Causes Neurodegeneration and Lewy-Like Inclusions Resembling Human Pale Bodies.

L. Bedford, D. Hay, A. Devoy, S. Paine, D. G. Powe, R. Seth, T. Gray, I. Topham, K. Fone, N. Rezvani, et al. (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 8189-8198
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Physical and Functional Interactions of Monoubiquitylated Transactivators with the Proteasome.

C. T. Archer, L. Burdine, B. Liu, A. Ferdous, S. A. Johnston, and T. Kodadek (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 21789-21798
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Patterning of Inflorescences and Flowers by the F-Box Protein DOUBLE TOP and the LEAFY Homolog ABERRANT LEAF AND FLOWER of Petunia.

E. Souer, A. B. Rebocho, M. Bliek, E. Kusters, R. A.M. de Bruin, and R. Koes (2008)
PLANT CELL 20, 2033-2048
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Activation Domain-dependent Monoubiquitylation of Gal4 Protein Is Essential for Promoter Binding in Vivo.

C. T. Archer, A. Delahodde, F. Gonzalez, S. A. Johnston, and T. Kodadek (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 12614-12623
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Alg13p, the Catalytic Subunit of the Endoplasmic Reticulum UDP-GlcNAc Glycosyltransferase, Is a Target for Proteasomal Degradation.

N. Averbeck, X.-D. Gao, S.-I. Nishimura, and N. Dean (2008)
Mol. Biol. Cell 19, 2169-2178
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Bortezomib induces DNA hypomethylation and silenced gene transcription by interfering with Sp1/NF-{kappa}B-dependent DNA methyltransferase activity in acute myeloid leukemia.

S. Liu, Z. Liu, Z. Xie, J. Pang, J. Yu, E. Lehmann, L. Huynh, T. Vukosavljevic, M. Takeki, R. B. Klisovic, et al. (2008)
Blood 111, 2364-2373
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Dynamics of the Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Promoter Complex.

P. Yu and T. Kodadek (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 35035-35045
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Proteasome-Dependent Down-Regulation of Activated Nuclear Hippocampal Glucocorticoid Receptors Determines Dynamic Responses to Corticosterone.

B. L. Conway-Campbell, M. A. McKenna, C. C. Wiles, H. C. Atkinson, E. R. de Kloet, and S. L. Lightman (2007)
Endocrinology 148, 5470-5477
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Proteasome Activity Modulates Chromatin Modifications and RNA Polymerase II Phosphorylation To Enhance Glucocorticoid Receptor-Mediated Transcription.

H. K. Kinyamu and T. K. Archer (2007)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 27, 4891-4904
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Identification of a Gastrin Response Element in the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Type 2 Promoter and Requirement of 20 S Proteasome Subunits for Transcriptional Activity.

K. Catlow, H. L. Ashurst, A. Varro, and R. Dimaline (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 17069-17077
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Identification of Rkr1, a Nuclear RING Domain Protein with Functional Connections to Chromatin Modification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

M. A. Braun, P. J. Costa, E. M. Crisucci, and K. M. Arndt (2007)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 27, 2800-2811
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

CCR4/NOT complex associates with the proteasome and regulates histone methylation.

R. N. Laribee, Y. Shibata, D. P. Mersman, S. R. Collins, P. Kemmeren, A. Roguev, J. S. Weissman, S. D. Briggs, N. J. Krogan, and B. D. Strahl (2007)
PNAS 104, 5836-5841
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Retinoblastoma Protein Regulation by the COP9 Signalosome.

Z. Ullah, M. S. Buckley, D. N. Arnosti, and R. W. Henry (2007)
Mol. Biol. Cell 18, 1179-1186
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The role of the proteasomal ATPases and activator monoubiquitylation in regulating Gal4 binding to promoters.

A. Ferdous, D. Sikder, T. Gillette, K. Nalley, T. Kodadek, and S. A. Johnston (2007)
Genes & Dev. 21, 112-123
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Widespread, but Non-identical, Association of Proteasomal 19 and 20 S Proteins with Yeast Chromatin.

D. Sikder, S. A. Johnston, and T. Kodadek (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 27346-27355
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination of the Transcription Factor Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-1 in Response to DNA Binding.

T. Punga, M. T. Bengoechea-Alonso, and J. Ericsson (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 25278-25286
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

de FACTo Nucleosome Dynamics.

D. Reinberg and R. J. Sims III (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 23297-23301
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The nuclear ubiquitin-proteasome system.

A. von Mikecz (2006)
J. Cell Sci. 119, 1977-1984
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Determinants of the Ubiquitin-mediated Degradation of the Met4 Transcription Factor.

A. Menant, P. Baudouin-Cornu, C. Peyraud, M. Tyers, and D. Thomas (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 11744-11754
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The proteasomal ATPase complex is required for stress-induced transcription in yeast.

R. Sulahian, S. A. Johnston, and T. Kodadek (2006)
Nucleic Acids Res. 34, 1351-1357
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Subcellular Distribution of Components of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Non-diseased Human and Rat Brain.

C. Adori, P. Low, G. Moszkovkin, G. Bagdy, L. Laszlo, and G. G. Kovacs (2006)
Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 54, 263-267
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A molecular link A molecular link between Hairless and Pros26.4, a member of the AAA-ATPase subunits of the proteasome 19S regulatory particle in Drosophila.

D. Muller, A. C. Nagel, D. Maier, and A. Preiss (2006)
J. Cell Sci. 119, 250-258
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Overexpression of the Coactivator Bridge-1 Results in Insulin Deficiency and Diabetes.

J. L. Volinic, J. H. Lee, K. Eto, V. Kaur, and M. K. Thomas (2006)
Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 167-182
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Inhibition of TRIP1/S8/hSug1, a component of the human 19S proteasome, enhances mitotic apoptosis induced by spindle poisons.

H. Y. Yamada and G. J. Gorbsky (2006)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 5, 29-38
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Interactions with p300 enhance transcriptional activation by the PDZ-domain coactivator Bridge-1.

J. H Lee, J. L Volinic, C. Banz, K.-M. Yao, and M. K Thomas (2005)
J. Endocrinol. 187, 283-292
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

TFIID and Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase Functions Probed by Genome-wide Synthetic Genetic Array Analysis Using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae taf9-ts Allele.

E. Milgrom, R. W. West Jr., C. Gao, and W.-C. W. Shen (2005)
Genetics 171, 959-973
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Dynamic Combinatorial Networks in Nuclear Receptor-mediated Transcription.

C. Rochette-Egly (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 32565-32568
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Cross Talk in Hormonally Regulated Gene Transcription through Induction of Estrogen Receptor Ubiquitylation.

M. Luo, M. Koh, J. Feng, Q. Wu, and P. Melamed (2005)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 7386-7398
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Ubp10/Dot4p Regulates the Persistence of Ubiquitinated Histone H2B: Distinct Roles in Telomeric Silencing and General Chromatin.

R. G. Gardner, Z. W. Nelson, and D. E. Gottschling (2005)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 6123-6139
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Alternative Effects of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway on Glucocorticoid Receptor Down-Regulation and Transactivation Are Mediated by CHIP, an E3 Ligase.

X. Wang and D. B. DeFranco (2005)
Mol. Endocrinol. 19, 1474-1482
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

CD147 is a regulatory subunit of the {gamma}-secretase complex in Alzheimer's disease amyloid {beta}-peptide production.

S. Zhou, H. Zhou, P. J. Walian, and B. K. Jap (2005)
PNAS 102, 7499-7504
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Linking the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to chromatin remodeling/modification by nuclear receptors.

H K Kinyamu, J Chen, and T K Archer (2005)
J. Mol. Endocrinol. 34, 281-297
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

H2B Ubiquitin Protease Ubp8 and Sgf11 Constitute a Discrete Functional Module within the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SAGA Complex.

K. Ingvarsdottir, N. J. Krogan, N. C. T. Emre, A. Wyce, N. J. Thompson, A. Emili, T. R. Hughes, J. F. Greenblatt, and S. L. Berger (2005)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 1162-1172
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Ubiquitination of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Modulates Its Activity.

J.-M. Peloponese Jr., H. Iha, V. R. K. Yedavalli, A. Miyazato, Y. Li, K. Haller, M. Benkirane, and K.-T. Jeang (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 11686-11695
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Stable Ubiquitination of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Is Required for Proteasome Binding.

E. Chiari, I. Lamsoul, J. Lodewick, C. Chopin, F. Bex, and C. Pique (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 11823-11832
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Inhibiting Proteasomal Proteolysis Sustains Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Activation.

M. Fan, H. Nakshatri, and K. P. Nephew (2004)
Mol. Endocrinol. 18, 2603-2615
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Elongation by RNA polymerase II: the short and long of it.

R. J. Sims III, R. Belotserkovskaya, and D. Reinberg (2004)
Genes & Dev. 18, 2437-2468
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The Bipartite Nuclear Localization Sequence of Rpn2 Is Required for Nuclear Import of Proteasomal Base Complexes via Karyopherin {alpha}{beta} and Proteasome Functions.

P. Wendler, A. Lehmann, K. Janek, S. Baumgart, and C. Enenkel (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 37751-37762
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

TIP30 Interacts with an Estrogen Receptor {alpha}-interacting Coactivator CIA and Regulates c-myc Transcription.

C. Jiang, M. Ito, V. Piening, K. Bruck, R. G. Roeder, and H. Xiao (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 27781-27789
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Physical and functional association of RNA polymerase II and the proteasome.

T. G. Gillette, F. Gonzalez, A. Delahodde, S. A. Johnston, and T. Kodadek (2004)
PNAS 101, 5904-5909
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

DNA and RNA Binding by the Mitochondrial Lon Protease Is Regulated by Nucleotide and Protein Substrate.

T. Liu, B. Lu, I. Lee, G. Ondrovicova, E. Kutejova, and C. K. Suzuki (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 13902-13910
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Rapid Glucocorticoid Receptor Exchange at a Promoter Is Coupled to Transcription and Regulated by Chaperones and Proteasomes.

D. A. Stavreva, W. G. Muller, G. L. Hager, C. L. Smith, and J. G. McNally (2004)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 2682-2697
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Control of Yeast Filamentous-Form Growth by Modules in an Integrated Molecular Network.

S. Prinz, I. Avila-Campillo, C. Aldridge, A. Srinivasan, K. Dimitrov, A. F. Siegel, and T. Galitski (2004)
Genome Res. 14, 380-390
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Functional and Physical Interaction of the Human ARF Tumor Suppressor with Tat-binding Protein-1.

A. Pollice, V. Nasti, R. Ronca, M. Vivo, M. L. Iacono, R. Calogero, V. Calabro, and G. La Mantia (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 6345-6353
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators 4-Hydroxytamoxifen and Raloxifene Impact the Stability and Function of SRC-1 and SRC-3 Coactivator Proteins.

D. M. Lonard, S. Y. Tsai, and B. W. O'Malley (2004)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 14-24
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Epigenetic Mechanisms in Early Mammalian Development.

D. SOLTER, T. HIIRAGI, A.V. EVSIKOV, J. MOYER, W.N. DE VRIES, A.E. PEASTON, and B.B. KNOWLES (2004)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 69, 11-18
 |  Abstract »  |  PDF »

Histone H2B Ubiquitylation and Deubiquitylation in Genomic Regulation.

N.C.T. EMRE and S.L. BERGER (2004)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 69, 289-300
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The Co-repressor Hairless Protects ROR{alpha} Orphan Nuclear Receptor from Proteasome-mediated Degradation.

A. N. Moraitis and V. Giguere (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 52511-52518
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The polyglutamine neurodegenerative protein ataxin-3 binds polyubiquitylated proteins and has ubiquitin protease activity.

B. Burnett, F. Li, and R. N. Pittman (2003)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 12, 3195-3205
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Transcription-dependent degradation controls the stability of the SREBP family of transcription factors.

A. Sundqvist and J. Ericsson (2003)
PNAS 100, 13833-13838
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Changes in developmental state: demolish the old to construct the new.

W. P. Voth and D. J. Stillman (2003)
Genes & Dev. 17, 2201-2204
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Use of RNA Interference and Complementation To Study the Function of the Drosophila and Human 26S Proteasome Subunit S13.

J. Lundgren, P. Masson, C. A. Realini, and P. Young (2003)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 5320-5330
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Impairment of the DNA Binding Activity of the TATA-binding Protein Renders the Transcriptional Function of Rvb2p/Tih2p, the Yeast RuvB-like Protein, Essential for Cell Growth.

H. Ohdate, C. R. Lim, T. Kokubo, K. Matsubara, Y. Kimata, and K. Kohno (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 14647-14656
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Rpn6p, a Proteasome Subunit from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Is Essential for the Assembly and Activity of the 26 S Proteasome.

P. G. Santamaria, D. Finley, J. P. G. Ballesta, and M. Remacha (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 6687-6695
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Molecular chaperones as modulators of polyglutamine protein aggregation and toxicity.

H. Sakahira, P. Breuer, M. K. Hayer-Hartl, and F. U. Hartl (2002)
PNAS 99, 16412-16418
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Involvement of Proteasome in the Dynamic Assembly of the Androgen Receptor Transcription Complex.

Z. Kang, A. Pirskanen, O. A. Janne, and J. J. Palvimo (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 48366-48371
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Histone deacetylase 6 binds polyubiquitin through its zinc finger (PAZ domain) and copurifies with deubiquitinating enzymes.

S. S. Hook, A. Orian, S. M. Cowley, and R. N. Eisenman (2002)
PNAS 99, 13425-13430
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Mutational Analysis Reveals a Role for the C Terminus of the Proteasome Subunit Rpt4p in Spindle Pole Body Duplication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

H. B. McDonald, A. H. Helfant, E. M. Mahony, S. K. Khosla, and L. Goetsch (2002)
Genetics 162, 705-720
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Proteasome Activity Is Required for Androgen Receptor Transcriptional Activity via Regulation of Androgen Receptor Nuclear Translocation and Interaction with Coregulators in Prostate Cancer Cells.

H.-K. Lin, S. Altuwaijri, W.-J. Lin, P.-Y. Kan, L. L. Collins, and C. Chang (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 36570-36576
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Emerging Roles of Ubiquitin in Transcription Regulation.

R. C. Conaway, C. S. Brower, and J. W. Conaway (2002)
Science 296, 1254-1258
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TRANSCRIPTION: Proteasome Parts at Gene Promoters.

S. Ottosen, F. J. Herrera, and S. J. Triezenberg (2002)
Science 296, 479-481
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