Inhibition of Autophagy Ameliorates Acute Lung Injury Caused by Avian Influenza A H5N1 Infection

Yang Sun, Chenggang Li, Yuelong Shu, Xiangwu Ju, Zhen Zou, Hongliang Wang, Shuan Rao, Feng Guo, Haolin Liu, Wenlong Nan, Yan Zhao, Yiwu Yan, Jun Tang, Chen Zhao, Peng Yang, Kangtai Liu, Shunxin Wang, Huijun Lu, Xiao Li, Lei Tan, Rongbao Gao, Jingdong Song, Xiang Gao, Xinlun Tian, Yingzhi Qin, Kai-Feng Xu, Dangsheng Li, Ningyi Jin,* Chengyu Jiang*

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jiang{at}pumc.edu.cn (C.J.); ningyij{at}yahoo.com (N.J.)

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• Fig. S1. Autophagy is induced by H5N1 infection of mouse lungs and A549 cells.
• Fig. S2. LC3 puncta occur in H5N1-infected A549 cells and decrease in abundance upon treatment with TSC2-specific siRNA.
• Fig. S3. Autophagic death of A549 cells induced by H5N1 infection is substantially rescued by Atg6-specific siRNA.
• Fig. S4. The production of proinflammatory cytokines by H5N1 infection is not altered by Atg5-specific siRNA.
• Fig. S5. The increased immune response induced by H5N1 infection is not altered by Atg5-specific siRNA.
• Fig. S6. Mouse model of acute lung injury induced by infection with live H5N1 virus.
• Fig. S7. Acute lung injury in mice induced by live H5N1 virus was ameliorated by Atg6-specific siRNA.
• Fig. S8. Acute lung injury in mice induced by live H5N1 virus was not ameliorated by the selective inhibitors of apoptosis or necrosis.
• Fig. S9. Mice infected by H1N1 virus and treated with Atg5-specific siRNA do not develop acute lung injury.
• Fig. S10. Rag1 knockout mice develop acute lung injury induced by H5N1 virus.
• Fig. S11. The HA protein of H5N1 virus may induce autophagy in human A549 cells.
  

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© 2012 American Association for the Advancement of Science