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Sci. Signal., 18 October 2011
Vol. 4, Issue 195, p. re2
[DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002165]

REVIEWS

Structural Basis for Activation and Inhibition of Class I Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases

Oscar Vadas*, John E. Burke, Xuxiao Zhang{dagger}, Alex Berndt, and Roger L. Williams*

Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
{dagger} Present address: School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 138673 Singapore.

Gloss: Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate a hydroxyl group on phosphoinositide lipids. The 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids act as membrane-resident second messengers, recruiting downstream signaling components that control cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, survival, and motility. The best studied of the PI3Ks, the class I enzymes, are heterodimers with a catalytic and a regulatory subunit and have been implicated in many human diseases. Class I PI3Ks can be stimulated downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein (G protein)–coupled receptors as well as small G proteins of the Ras superfamily. Both the catalytic and regulatory subunits have a multidomain organization. Crystal structures, biochemical analysis, and oncogenic mutations in PI3Ks have shown that interdomain interactions are not static but undergo regulated conformational cycles, resulting in enzyme activation or inhibition. This Review, which contains 7 figures and 104 references, highlights the molecular details of how their regulatory partners selectively inhibit and activate PI3K isoforms.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ovadas{at}mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk (O.V.); rlw{at}mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk (R.L.W.)

Citation: O. Vadas, J. E. Burke, X. Zhang, A. Berndt, R. L. Williams, Structural Basis for Activation and Inhibition of Class I Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases. Sci. Signal. 4, re2 (2011).

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