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Unlike other brain structures, the hippocampus is able to produce new neurons throughout adult life. In their Perspective, Kempermann and Neumann discuss intriguing studies published here (Monje et al.) and elsewhere showing that inflammation induced either by irradiation or lipopolysaccharide blocks hippocampal neurogenesis, which can be alleviated by treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
G. Kempermann is in the Neuronal Stem Cells Research Group, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany. E-mail: gerd.kempermann{at}mdc-berlin.de H. Neumann is in the Neuroimmunology Unit, European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. E-mail: hneuman1{at}gwdg.de
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