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Plants have developed a sophisticated but indirect immune system that is able to respond to attack by pathogens. In this immune system, plant host cell R receptors indirectly recognize the activity of a wide variety of effector proteins released by invading bacteria and fungi. In their Perspective, Schulze-Lefert and Bieri discuss studies that reveal a new molecular understanding of this immune system in Arabidopsis. and the tomato plant (Coaker et al., Rooney et al.).
P. Schulze-Lefert is in the Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, D-50829 Köln, Germany. E-mail: schlef{at}mpiz-koeln.mpg.de S. Bieri is at the Institute for Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.
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