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ST NetWatch: Awards and Announcements
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Lasker Foundation Awards
- The Lasker Foundation honors outstanding contributions to clinical and basic medical research. Lasker Awards have recognized advances in understanding signaling pathways that affect health and disease such as the discovery of cAMP (Earl Sutherland, 1970), the first description of cell growth regulation (Rita Levi-Montalcini and Stanley Cohen, 1986), and the characterization of the cell cycle machinery (Lee Hartwell, Yoshio Masui, and Paul Nurse, 1998). You may browse the awards year-by-year or search for a particular recipient’s name. In the “Learn More” section of the site, you will find audio and video interviews with laureates, medical fact sheets, and animated timelines of important advances in medical research. In the “For the Press” section, there are suggestions about research areas to watch for future medical advances and information for journalists who want to better understand topical medical research areas such as stem cell biology.
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003
- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 was awarded to Peter Agre, for discovering water channels, and to Roderick MacKinnon for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 site at the Nobel e-Museum describes this research at both very basic and more advanced levels, and includes links to further information, an illustrated presentation, and animations of water channels in the cell membrane.
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004
- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004 was awarded to Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, and Irwin Rose for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Going against the grain of prevalent research, Ciechanover, Hershko, and Rose discovered one of the cell's most important cyclical processes, regulated protein degradation. Specifically, the scientists' discovered a molecule called ubiquitin, which labels proteins for degradation by the proteasome. Targeted protein degradation is involved in many cellular processes, including the cell cycle, DNA repair, quality control of newly synthesized proteins, and many signaling pathways. Aberrant or dysfunctional protein degradation can contribute to human diseases, such as cervical cancer and cystic fibrosis, and the ubiquitin-mediated degradation pathway represents target for molecular invention and drug development. The Nobel Prize site provides an animation of the protein degradation process, audio files of interviews with the scientists, and the "Information for the Public" includes an overview with four figures of the ubiquitination cycle and disease relevance.
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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998
- The discovery that the elusive "endothelial relaxing factor"--a substance released from endothelium to cause dilation of blood vessels--was a short-lived gas, nitric oxide (NO), inaugurated a new concept of gases as signaling molecules. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998 site at the Nobel e-Museum describes the research of Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, and Ferid Murad that led to this discovery and includes PDFs of the Nobel Lectures of the three laureates, autobiographies, an illustrated presentation and an educational video presentation featuring Ferid Murad.
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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000 was awarded to Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, and Eric Kandel "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system". The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000 site at the Nobel e-Museum describes Carlsson's work identifying dopamine as a neurotransmitter, Greengard's work implicating phosphorylation as a mechanism of dopamine action, and Kandel's work on the cellular and molecular bases of memory in Aplysia. The site includes autobiographies of the three laureates, videos and PDFs of their Nobel Lectures, a very basic illustrated presentation of their research, and a "Lost Synapse" game, in which synaptic physiology is explored in the context of alien abduction.
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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001
- In addition to describing the research of Leland Hartwell, Tim Hunt, and Paul Nurse on the regulation of the cell cycle, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001 site at the Nobel e-Museum includes such features as videos of their Nobel Lectures, autobiographies, and even a "Control of the Cell Cycle" game.
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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004 was awarded to Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system. The two scientists discovered a large gene family consisting of about 1,000 different genes that specify an equivalent number of olfactory receptor types and determined how information from cells bearing individual receptors was organized in the olfactory bulb of the brain to give rise to distinctive odors. Watch a 2001 Nobel Symposia lecture given by Buck, follow links to video of a lecture by Axel, and listen to telephone interviews with both scientists.
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