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C

c-Cbl:
an E3 ubiquitin ligase and molecular adaptor; Connections Map Components -- c-Cbl | Cbl family
c-fos:
a transcription factor, the gene encoding this protein is a proto-oncogene; Connections Map Component -- c-Fos
c-IAP1:
a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family, which inhibit caspases
c-Jun:
a transcription factor, the gene encoding this protein is a proto-oncogene; Connections Map Component -- v-Jun avian sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog
c-Kit:
a receptor tyrosine kinase
c-Myc:
a transcription factor; Connections Map Component --
c-Src:
member of a family of c-Src-related tyrosine protein kinases; Connections Map Component -- c-Src
C/EBP:
stands for CAAT-enhancer-binding protein; a family of basic leucine zipper transcription factors (C/EBPalpha, C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ) that regulate metabolism and cellular differentiation of such tissues, as liver and fat; Connections Map Component -- CHOP10
C3G:
a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Ras guanosine triphosphatase; Connections Map Component -- C3G guanine-nucleotide exchange factor
CAD:
stands for caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease; an enzyme that contributes to DNA cleavage and laddering associated with apoptosis; Connections Map Component -- Caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease
CADASIL:
stands for cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy; a neurological disorder that results from mutations in Notch 3
cADPR:
stands for cyclic ADP ribose; a regulator of intracellular calcium concentration
calpain II:
calcium-dependent protease isozyme II; Connections Map Component -- Calpain
CaM:
stands for calmodulin; a calcium-binding protein
CaMKII:
stands for calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase; a serine-threonine protein kinase activated by calcium-calmodulin; Connections Map Component -- Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
cAMP:
stands for adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate, also known as cyclic AMP or cyclic adenosine monophosphate; an intracellular second messenger; Connections Map Component -- Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CaMV:
stands for cauliflower mosaic virus
CaNA:
stands for calcineurin A; catalytic subunit of the calcium- and calmodulin- sensitive protein phosphatase calcineurin; Connections Map Component -- Calcineurin
CaNB:
stands for calcineurin B; regulatory subunit of the calcium- and calmodulin-sensitive protein phosphatase calcineurin; Connections Map Component -- Calcineurin
CAP:
stands for c-Cbl-associating protein
CAPON:
stands for C-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)
CARD:
stands for caspase recruitment domain; this motif is involved in caspase activation; CARD domains interact with other CARD domains to mediate multiprotein assembly
CART:
stands for cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript; neuropeptide that inhibits feeding behavior
caspase:
cysteine caspase; enzymes that cleave proteins and are involved in programmed cell death (apoptosis); Connections Map Components -- Cysteine caspase-7 | Cysteine caspase-2 | Caspase-6 | Cysteine caspase-8 | Cysteine caspase-3 | Cysteine Caspase-10 | Cysteine caspase-9
CBP:
(1) stands for cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein, a transcriptional coactivator with histone acetyltransferase activity; (2) stands for Csk-binding protein; a transmembrane protein; Connections Map Component -- cAMP response element--binding protein(CREB)-binding protein
CCaMK:
stands for calcium calmodulin-like protein kinase; Connections Map Component -- Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
CCD:
stands for charge-coupled device
CCE:
stands for capacitative calcium entry; also known as store-operated calcium (SOC) entry
CCK:
stands for cholecystokinin; a gastrointestinal hormone
cdc:
stands for cell-division-cycle; used to classify yeast mutants; Connections Map Components -- Cdc42 | Cell division cycle 2 | Cell division cycle gene 37
Cdc20:
also known as fizzy; a regulatory subunit of the anaphase promoting complex (APC) that helps direct substrate specificity
Cdc24:
a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for Cdc42 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
CDC37:
the protein encoded by cell-division-cycle gene 37 (CDC37); a molecular chaperone involved in protein folding; also known as Cdc37; Connections Map Component -- Cell division cycle gene 37
Cdc42:
a member of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases); Connections Map Component -- Cdc42
Cdh1:
also known as Hct1 and or fizzy-related; a regulatory subunit of the anaphase promoting complex (APC) that directs substrate specificity
CDI:
stands for calcium-dependent inactivation; a process whereby calcium and calmodulin inhibit the activity of voltage-gated calcium channels
Cdk:
stands for cell division protein kinase
CDPK:
stands for Ca2+-dependent protein kinase
cGMP:
stands for guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate; also known as cyclic GMP; an intracellular second messenger; Connections Map Component -- Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
CheA:
a histidine protein kinase involved in Escherichia coli chemotaxis
CheB:
a demethylating enzyme involved in Escherichia coli chemotaxis
CheR:
a methylating enzyme involved in Escherichia coli chemotaxis
CheW:
a kinase regulator involved in Escherichia coli chemotaxis
CheY:
a response regulator in Escherichia coli chemotaxis
CheY-P:
the phosphorylated form of the Escherichia coli CheY reponse regulator
CHIF:
stands for corticosteriod hormone-induced factor; also known as FXYD4; a member of the FXYD family of ion channel and Na,K-ATPase regulators
CHOP:
stands for C/EBP homologous protein; also known as GADD-153; a transcription factor; Connections Map Component -- CHOP10
CIB1:
stands for calcium- and integrin-binding protein (also known as KIP or calmyrin); contains two EF hand motifs that bind calcium
CIS:
stands for cytokine-inducible Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing protein; a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family; Connections Map Component -- Suppressor of cytokine signaling
CISK:
stands for cytokine-independent survival kinase; also known as serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 3 (SGK3)
CKI:
stands for casein kinase 1; Connections Map Component -- Casein kinase 1
CNG:
stands for cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; Connections Map Component -- CNG
CNS:
stands for central nervous system; the brain and spinal cord
CO:
stands for carbon monoxide; an inert gas that is produced by heme oxygenase activity that may serve as a signaling mediator in the nervous system, immune system, and vascular system
COX-1:
stands for cyclooxygenase-1
cPLA:
stands for cytosolic phospholipase A2; Connections Map Component -- Cytosolic phospholipase A2
CRAC:
stands for Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel; Connections Map Component -- Calcium release activated calcium channel
CREB:
stands for cAMP-response element binding protein; a transcription factor; Connections Map Components -- cAMP response element binding protein | cAMP response element--binding protein(CREB)-binding protein
CRH:
stands for corticotropin-releasing hormone; a hypothalamic hormone that promotes the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Crk:
an adaptor protein; Connections Map Components -- Crk | Crk-associated substrate
CRM1:
stands for exportin chromosome region maintenance 1; a soluble shuttle that transports macromolecules out of the cell nucleus
CRMP:
stands for collapsin response mediator protein; a signaling mediator involved in axonal growth cone collapse
CrMP:
stands for chromium mesoporphyrin; a metalloporphyrin that inhibits carbon monoxide (CO) signaling through inhibition of heme oxygenase activity
Crt:
stands for calreticulin; best known as a chaperone protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, but also present in the cytosol, nucleus, and cell surface where it may participate in regulating cell signaling
CsA:
stands for cyclosporin A; an immunosuppressant that binds cyclophilin
Csk:
stands for C-terminal Src kinase; a nonreceptor tyrosine protein kinase; Connections Map Component -- C-terminal Src kinase
CtBP:
stands for C-terminal binding protein; a transcriptional repressor; Connections Map Component -- C-terminal binding protein
CTE:
stands for constitutive transport element; a ribonucleotide sequence that dictates transport to the cytosol of unspliced RNA
CTF:
stands for C-terminal fragment; the carboxy-terminal fragment of a protein
CTL:
stands for cytotoxic T lymphocyte
cTNT:
stands for cardiac troponin T

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Science Signaling. ISSN 1937-9145 (pre-2008: Science's STKE. ISSN 1525-8882)