T

T6BP:

stands for TRAF6-binding protein; protein that associates with TRAF6 in response to interleukin 1 (IL-1) signaling

TAB2:

stands for transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase (TAK)-binding protein 2; also known as KIAA0733, MAP3K7IP2; adaptor protein that links TRAF6 to TAK1 and activates TAK1; Connections Map Components -- TAK1 binding protein 2 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6

TACE:

stands for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- converting enzyme; also known as ADAM17; metalloprotease implicated in the proteolytic processing of the TNF- precursor and related molecules

TAIS:

stands for target-assisted iterative screening; a method for rapid screening of a proteome for protein or peptide interactions

TAK:

stands for transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase; serine-threonine kinase in the MAPKKK family; Connections Map Component -- TGF beta-activated kinase 1

TAT:

stands for trans-activating transduction; a HIV-1 protein

TAZ:

stands for transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif; a transcriptional regulator involved in cell fate specification of adipocytes and osteoblasts

TCF:

(1) stands for ternary complex factor; family of transcription factors activated by growth factors that bind to both serum response factor (SRF) and the serum reponse element (SRE) to form a complex; (2) stands for T cell factor; also known as POP-1 or pangolin; transcription factor implicated in Wnt signaling; Connections Map Components -- T cell factor | Elk-1 member of ETS oncogene family

TCO:

stands for trans-cyclooctene; an organic antagonist to ethylene in plant signaling

TCR:

stands for T cell receptor; plasma membrane protein complex found in T cells that recognizes specific antigens; Connections Map Component -- T cell receptor

Tec:

family of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases with pleckstrin homology (PH) domains that are important in T and B cell receptor signaling; members are Btk, Itk, Tec, Rlk, and Bmx; Connections Map Components -- TEC Family | Bruton's tyrosine kinase | Interleukin-2 tyrosine kinase

Tek:

family of receptor tyrosine kinases implicated in angiogenesis

TERT:

stands for telomerase reverse transcriptase; the catalytic subunit of telomerase, the enzyme that extends the telomeres of chromosomes

Tf-R:

stands for transferrin receptor; cell surface receptor involved in iron homeostasis

Tg:

stands for thapsigargin; drug that inhibits the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-adenosine triphosphatase (Ca²⁺-ATPase), thereby leading to the release of Ca²⁺ from the ER and the depletion of a subset of intracellular Ca²⁺ stores

TGF-beta:

stands for transforming growth factor β (TGF-β); prototype of the TGF-β superfamily of dimeric growth factors, which includes nodals, bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), and activins; Connections Map Components -- TGF beta receptor type 2 | TGF-beta superfamily ligands

TH:

stands for tyrosine hydroxylase; rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis that catalyzes the production of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) from tyrosine; Connections Map Component --

TIGAR:

stands for Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator; the gene encoding this protein is induced by the tumor suppressor p53; TIGAR appears to be a fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, which increases metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway and inhibits apoptosis mediated by increased reactive oxygen species

TIR:

stands for Toll-interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor domain; a conserved sequence found in the cytosolic regions of receptors in the interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor (IL-1R/TLR) superfamily

TIRAP:

an adaptor protein that contains a Toll-interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor (TIR) domain and has been implicated in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling; Connections Map Component -- TIRAP

TKB:

stands for tyrosine kinase-binding domain; atypical PTB domain found in the adaptor protein Cbl that allows it to interact with various protein tyrosine kinases as well as some adaptor proteins

TLR:

stands for Toll-like receptor; family of receptors related to the Drosophila Toll receptor that participate in defensive responses mediated by the innate immune system; Connections Map Components -- Toll-like receptor 3 | Toll-like receptor 4 | Toll-like receptor 5 | Toll-like receptor 6 | Toll-like receptor 7 | Toll-like receptor 8 | Toll-like receptor 9 | TLR-induced genes | Toll-like receptor 1

TNF:

stands for tumor necrosis factor; a pro-inflammatory cytokine; Connections Map Components -- Tumor necrosis factor | TNF-inducible genes

TNFR:

stands for tumor necrosis factor receptor; Connections Map Components -- Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2

Tollip:

stands for Toll-interacting protein; an adaptor protein that associates with the Toll-interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor (TIR) domain and inhibits signaling; Connections Map Component -- Tollip

TOM:

stands for translocator of the outer membrane; a protein involved in inserting and orienting signal-anchor proteins into the ER, nuclear, and mitochondrial membranes

TPA:

(1) stands for tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; a tumor-promoting phorbol ester that activates protein kinase C; (2) stands for tissue plasminogen activator; serine protease implicated in production of plasmin

TPO:

stands for thrombopoietin; a hormone that stimulates platelet production

TRADD:

stands for tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated death domain; adaptor protein that binds to TNFR1 and is required for most TNFR1-mediated signaling; Connections Map Component -- Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 associated death domain protein

TRAF:

stands for tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor; family of adaptor proteins that bind to receptors in the TNFR and interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor (IL-1R/TLR) superfamilies and mediate many of their effects; Connections Map Components -- Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2

TRANCE:

stands for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related activation-induced cytokine; also known as receptor activator NF-κB ligand (RANKL); a member of the TNF family

TRE:

(1) stands for tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-responsive element; (2) stands for thyroid hormone response element; (3) stands for Tax-response element; DNA consensus sequences mediating the transcriptional activation to various factors

TRIF:

stands for Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-β (IFN-β); adaptor protein that contains a TIR domain; Connections Map Component -- TRIF

TRIKA1:

stands for tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-regulated inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) kinase (IKK) activator 1; dimeric ubiquitin-conjugating complex that mediates the activation of IKK by TRAF6

TRIP:

stands for tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor (TRAF)-interacting protein; an adaptor protein

TRITC:

stands for tetrarhodamine isothiocyanate; a fluorescent label

TrkA:

stands for tyrosine kinase A receptor or tropomyosin-related kinase A; the member of the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases that acts as the high-affinity receptor for nerve growth factor; Connections Map Component -- Tropomyosin-related kinase A

TRP:

stands for transient receptor potential; a superfamily of Ca²⁺ permeable, nonselective cation channels, many of which mediate sensory responses

TRPC:

stands for transient receptor potential channel; subfamily of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of nonselective cation channels

TRPL:

stands for transient receptor potential-like; member of the TRPC family of channels

TSA:

stands for trichostatin A, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs)

TTX:

stands for tetrodotoxin, a selective inhibitor of the voltage-dependent sodium channel

TWEAK:

stands for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis; a ligand that activates nuclear factor κB (NF-κb)

TZD:

stands for thiazolidinedione; a class of antidiabetic drugs