Glossary: C

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C

c-Cbl:

an E3 ubiquitin ligase and molecular adaptor; Connections Map Components -- c-Cbl | Cbl family

c-fos:

a transcription factor, the gene encoding this protein is a proto-oncogene; Connections Map Component -- c-Fos

c-IAP1:

a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family, which inhibit caspases

c-Jun:

a transcription factor, the gene encoding this protein is a proto-oncogene; Connections Map Component -- v-Jun avian sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog

c-Kit:

a receptor tyrosine kinase

c-Myc:

a transcription factor; Connections Map Component -- v-Myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog

c-Src:

member of a family of c-Src-related tyrosine protein kinases; Connections Map Component -- c-Src

C/EBP:

stands for CAAT-enhancer-binding protein; a family of basic leucine zipper transcription factors (C/EBP, C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ) that regulate metabolism and cellular differentiation of such tissues, as liver and fat; Connections Map Component -- CHOP10

C3G:

a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Ras guanosine triphosphatase; Connections Map Component -- C3G guanine-nucleotide exchange factor

CAD:

stands for caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease; an enzyme that contributes to DNA cleavage and laddering associated with apoptosis; Connections Map Component -- Caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease

CADASIL:

stands for cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy; a neurological disorder that results from mutations in Notch 3

cADPR:

stands for cyclic ADP ribose; a regulator of intracellular calcium concentration

calpain II:

calcium-dependent protease isozyme II; Connections Map Component -- Calpain

CaM:

stands for calmodulin; a calcium-binding protein

CaMKII:

stands for calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase; a serine-threonine protein kinase activated by calcium-calmodulin; Connections Map Component -- Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II

cAMP:

stands for adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate, also known as cyclic AMP or cyclic adenosine monophosphate; an intracellular second messenger; Connections Map Component -- Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CaMV:

stands for cauliflower mosaic virus

CaNA:

stands for calcineurin A; catalytic subunit of the calcium- and calmodulin- sensitive protein phosphatase calcineurin; Connections Map Component -- Calcineurin

CaNB:

stands for calcineurin B; regulatory subunit of the calcium- and calmodulin-sensitive protein phosphatase calcineurin; Connections Map Component -- Calcineurin

CAP:

stands for c-Cbl-associating protein

CAPON:

stands for C-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)

CARD:

stands for caspase recruitment domain; this motif is involved in caspase activation; CARD domains interact with other CARD domains to mediate multiprotein assembly

CARDIF:

stands for CARD adaptor inducing IFN-β; an adaptor involved in responses to viral infection, also known as MAVS, IPS-1, and VISA

CARMA1:

stands for caspase recruitment domain (CARD)11, also known as Bimp3; a membrane-associated guanylate kinase scaffolding protein

CARMA3:

stands for caspase recruitment domain (CARD)10, also known as Bimp1; a membrane-associated guanylate kinase scaffolding protein

CART:

stands for cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript; neuropeptide that inhibits feeding behavior

caspase:

cysteine caspase; enzymes that cleave proteins and are involved in programmed cell death (apoptosis); Connections Map Components -- Cysteine caspase-7 | Cysteine caspase-2 | Caspase-6 | Cysteine caspase-8 | Cysteine caspase-3 | Cysteine Caspase-10 | Cysteine caspase-9

CAT-1:

stands for cationic amino acid transporter-1

CATERPILLER:

stands for caspase-recruitment domain (CARD) transcription enhancer, purine (R)-binding, pyrin, lots of leucine repeats; a family of mammalian proteins that are structurally similar to plant disease resistant (R) proteins and are involved in immune responses

CBP:

(1) stands for cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein, a transcriptional coactivator with histone acetyltransferase activity; (2) stands for Csk-binding protein; a transmembrane protein; Connections Map Components -- cAMP response element--binding protein(CREB)-binding protein | Phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipids-enriched microdomains

CCaMK:

stands for calcium calmodulin-like protein kinase; Connections Map Component -- Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II

CCD:

stands for charge-coupled device

CCE:

stands for capacitative calcium entry; also known as store-operated calcium (SOC) entry

CCK:

stands for cholecystokinin; a gastrointestinal hormone

CCR5:

stands for C-C chemokine receptor type 5; a chemokine receptor activated by the chemokines CCL3, CCL4, or CCL5

cdc:

stands for cell-division-cycle; used to classify yeast mutants; Connections Map Components -- Cdc42 | Cell division cycle 2 | Cell division cycle gene 37

Cdc20:

also known as fizzy; a regulatory subunit of the anaphase promoting complex (APC) that helps direct substrate specificity

Cdc24:

a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for Cdc42 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

CDC37:

the protein encoded by cell-division-cycle gene 37 (CDC37); a molecular chaperone involved in protein folding; also known as Cdc37; Connections Map Component -- Cell division cycle gene 37

Cdc42:

a member of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases); Connections Map Component -- Cdc42

Cdh1:

also known as Hct1 and or fizzy-related; a regulatory subunit of the anaphase promoting complex (APC) that directs substrate specificity

CDI:

stands for calcium-dependent inactivation; a process whereby calcium and calmodulin inhibit the activity of voltage-gated calcium channels

Cdk:

stands for cell division protein kinase

Cdo:

stands for cell adhesion molecule-related/down-regulated by oncogenes (also abbreviated Cdon); a transmembrane protein that functions as a receptor for Hedgehog; Connections Map Component -- Cell adhesion molecule-related/down-regulated by oncogenes

CDPK:

stands for Ca²⁺-dependent protein kinase

cGMP:

stands for guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate; also known as cyclic GMP; an intracellular second messenger; Connections Map Component -- Cyclic guanosine monophosphate

CHASE:

stands for cyclase/histidinekinase-associated sensing extracellular domain; the site of ligand binding on cytokinin receptors

CheA:

a histidine protein kinase involved in Escherichia coli chemotaxis

CheB:

a demethylating enzyme involved in Escherichia coli chemotaxis

CheR:

a methylating enzyme involved in Escherichia coli chemotaxis

CheW:

a kinase regulator involved in Escherichia coli chemotaxis

CheY:

a response regulator in Escherichia coli chemotaxis

CheY-P:

the phosphorylated form of the Escherichia coli CheY reponse regulator

CHIF:

stands for corticosteriod hormone-induced factor; also known as FXYD4; a member of the FXYD family of ion channel and Na,K-ATPase regulators

CHOP:

stands for C/EBP homologous protein; also known as GADD-153; a transcription factor; Connections Map Component -- CHOP10

CIB1:

stands for calcium- and integrin-binding protein (also known as KIP or calmyrin); contains two EF hand motifs that bind calcium

CIS:

stands for cytokine-inducible Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing protein; a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family; Connections Map Component -- Suppressor of cytokine signaling

CISK:

stands for cytokine-independent survival kinase; also known as serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 3 (SGK3)

CK:

stands for cytokinin; a class of plant hormones that bind histidine kinase receptors at the CHASE (cyclase/histidinekinase-associated sensing extracellular) domain; Connections Map Component -- Cytokinin

CKI:

stands for casein kinase 1; Connections Map Component -- Casein kinase 1

CNG:

stands for cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; Connections Map Component -- CNG

CNS:

stands for central nervous system; the brain and spinal cord

CO:

stands for carbon monoxide; an inert gas that is produced by heme oxygenase activity that may serve as a signaling mediator in the nervous system, immune system, and vascular system

COX-1:

stands for cyclooxygenase-1

cPLA:

stands for cytosolic phospholipase A2; Connections Map Component -- Cytosolic phospholipase A2

CRABP-II:

stands for cellular retinoic acid-binding protein II; delivers retinoic acid to the retinoic acid receptor

CRAC:

stands for Ca²⁺ release-activated Ca²⁺ channel; Connections Map Component -- Calcium release activated calcium channel

CREB:

stands for cAMP-response element binding protein; a transcription factor; Connections Map Components -- cAMP response element binding protein | cAMP response element--binding protein(CREB)-binding protein

CRH:

stands for corticotropin-releasing hormone; a hypothalamic hormone that promotes the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Crk:

an adaptor protein; Connections Map Components -- Crk | Crk-associated substrate

CRM1:

stands for exportin chromosome region maintenance 1; a soluble shuttle that transports macromolecules out of the cell nucleus

CRMP:

stands for collapsin response mediator protein; a signaling mediator involved in axonal growth cone collapse

CrMP:

stands for chromium mesoporphyrin; a metalloporphyrin that inhibits carbon monoxide (CO) signaling through inhibition of heme oxygenase activity

Crt:

stands for calreticulin; best known as a chaperone protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, but also present in the cytosol, nucleus, and cell surface where it may participate in regulating cell signaling

CsA:

stands for cyclosporin A; an immunosuppressant that binds cyclophilin

Csk:

stands for C-terminal Src kinase; a nonreceptor tyrosine protein kinase; Connections Map Component -- C-terminal Src kinase

CtBP:

stands for C-terminal binding protein; a transcriptional repressor; Connections Map Component -- C-terminal binding protein

CTE:

stands for constitutive transport element; a ribonucleotide sequence that dictates transport to the cytosol of unspliced RNA

CTF:

stands for C-terminal fragment; the carboxy-terminal fragment of a protein

CTL:

stands for cytotoxic T lymphocyte

cTNT:

stands for cardiac troponin T

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