Glossary: G

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G

G alpha 12:

subunit of a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G₁₂); Connections Map Component -- G alpha 12

G alpha 13:

subunit of a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G₁₃); Connections Map Component -- G alpha 13

G alpha i:

subunit of a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Gi); Connections Map Component -- G alpha i

G alpha olf:

subunit of a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G_olf); Connections Map Component --

G alpha q:

subunit of a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G_q); Connections Map Component -- G alpha q

G alpha s:

subunit of a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G_s); Connections Map Component -- G alpha s

G alpha t:

subunit of a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G_t); Connections Map Component -- G alpha t2

G betagamma:

βγ subunits of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) (Gβγ); Connections Map Component -- G beta/gamma

G protein:

heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein

G12:

heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) (G₁₂) with the G₁₂ subunit; Connections Map Component -- G12

G13:

heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) (G₁₃) with the G₁₃ subunit; Connections Map Component -- G13

GAB:

stands for Grb2-associated binding protein; a family of scaffolding or adaptor proteins, which includes mammalian Gab1, 2, 3, and 4, Drosophila DOS, and Caenorhabditis elegans Soc1; Connections Map Component -- Grb2-associated binding proteins

GABA:

stands for γ-aminobutyric acid; (1) a neurotransmitter; (2) a plant guidance factor

GADD45:

stands for growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible gene; the family includes GADD45, GADD45β, and GADD45γ; Connections Map Component -- GADD45

Gads:

a Grb2-related adaptor protein involved in T cell signaling; Connections Map Component -- Gads

GAKIN:

stands for guanylate kinase-associated kinesin (also known as KIF13B); a plus-end directed microtubule motor that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity

gammaC:

stands for common gamma chain (γC); a member of the type I cytokine receptor family; Connections Map Component -- The common gamma chain

GAP:

stands for guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-activating protein; proteins that stimulate the GTPase activity of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) subunits or monomeric, small GTPases, such as Ras; Connections Map Components -- p190 Rho GTPase activating protein | Arf-GAP containing SH3 domain,ankyrin repeats,and PH domain | Rap1 GTPase activating protein | G alpha z-GAP

GARP:

a DNA-binding domain named for the proteins in which it was originally identified: GOLDEN2 in maize, ARRs (Arabidopsis response regulators), and Psr1 protein from Chlamydomonas; Connections Map Component -- Response regulator

GAS:

stands for γ-interferon activation sequence

Gas1:

stands for growth arrest-specific gene 1; a member of the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor family; Connections Map Component -- Growth arrest-specific 1

GC:

stands for germinal center; a subset of cells in lymphoid tissue

GCK:

stands for germinal center kinase; a kinase that participates in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling; Connections Map Component -- Germinal center kinase

GCKR:

stands for germinal center kinase (GCK)-related

GCN2:

stands for general control nonrepressed 2; an eIF2 kinase

GDNF:

stands for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

GEF:

stands for guanine nucleotide exchange factor; also known as guanine nucleotide releasing protein (GNRP); proteins that stimulate GTPases by catalyzing the exchange of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) for guanosine triphosphate (GTP); Connections Map Components -- Vav | Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor | Epac

GEM:

stands for glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomain; also known as lipid raft or detergent-insoluble glycolipid-enriched raft domain (DIG)

Gem1:

stands for GTPase EF hand protein of mitochondria 1; the yeast homolog of Miro

GFRa:

stands for glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor (GFR); a family of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface proteins

GGL:

stands for Gγ-like; a domain that is similar to the γ subunit of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and mediates interactions with the β subunit of G proteins

GH:

stands for growth hormone; a peptide hormone secreted by the pituitary gland

GHBP:

stands for growth hormone binding protein; a soluble fragment of the growth hormone receptor that may arise by alternative splicing or cleavage of the receptor

GHR:

stands for growth hormone receptor; a receptor of the cytokine, prolactin, and growth hormone family that interacts with Janus kinases

Gi:

heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) (G_i) with the G_i subunit; Connections Map Component -- Gi

GIRK:

stands for G protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium channel; Connections Map Component -- G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ channels

GLP-1:

stands for glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)-amide; hormone secreted by intestinal L cells

GNEF:

stands for guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF); also known as guanine nucleotide releasing protein (GNRP); proteins that stimulate GTPases by catalyzing the exchange of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) for guanosine triphosphate (GTP); Connections Map Components -- Vav | Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor | Epac

GODZ:

stands for Golgi apparatus specific protein with a DHHC zinc finger domain; a Golgi-associated palmitoyl acyl transferase that palmitoylates subunits of GABA_A receptors subunits and AMPA-type glutamate receptors

Golf:

olfactory heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) (G_olf) with the G_olf subunit; Connections Map Component -- G alpha s

gp130:

signal-transducing receptor subunit for the interleukin 6 (IL-6)-type or gp130 cytokines consisting of IL-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), and cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CLC); Connections Map Component -- Interleukin-6 receptor

GPCR:

stands for G protein-coupled receptor; a large family of receptors with seven transmembrane domains that couple to heterotrimer guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins); Connections Map Component -- Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors

GPI:

stands for glycosylphosphatidylinositol; proteins can be posttranslationally modified by the addition of this moiety allowing membrane association

GPR:

(1) stands for G protein regulator, proteins that control the activity of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins); (2) stands for G protein regulatory motif, also known as a GoLoco motif, a 25 to 30 amino acid domain found in proteins that regulate G protein activity, for example, activators of G protein signaling (AGS) and regulators of G protein signalig (RGS); Connections Map Component -- Regulator of G protein signaling

Gq:

heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) (G_q) with the G_q subunit; Connections Map Component -- Gq

GR:

stands for glucocorticoid receptor; Connections Map Component -- Glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein-1

Grab-2:

stands for growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; also known as Grb2 and Sem5; a cytosolic adaptor protein that contains two Src homology 3 (SH3) domains flanking a central SH2 domain; Connections Map Component -- Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2

Grb-2:

stands for growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; also known as Grab-2 and Sem5; a cytosolic adaptor protein that contains two Src homology 3 (SH3) domains flanking a central SH2 domain; Connections Map Component -- Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2

GRIP:

stands for (1) glutamate receptor interacting protein; (2) glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein; a nuclear receptor coactivator; Connections Map Component -- Glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein-1

GRK:

stands for G protein-coupled receptor kinase; a serine-threonine protein kinase; Connections Map Component -- G protein-coupled receptor kinase

Gs:

heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) (G_s) with the G_s subunit; Connections Map Component -- Gs

GSH:

glutathione

GSK:

stands for glycogen synthase kinase; for example, GSK-3 is a constitutively active serine-threonine protein kinase; Connections Map Component -- Glycogen synthase kinase-3

GSNO:

stands for S-nitrosoglutathione; an nitric oxide (NO) donor

GST:

stands for glutathione-S-transferase

Gt:

heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) (G_t) with the G_t subunit; also known as transducin

GTP:

stands for guanosine triphosphate

GTPase:

stands for small guanosine triphosphatase; molecular switches activated by binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP); Connections Map Components -- Cdc42 | Rac GTPase | RhoA GTPase | Ras GTPase | Rap1 GTPase | Ral GTPase | R-Ras | Rho GTPase

GUS:

β-glucuronidase; a protein frequently encoded in reporter gene constructs

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