Glossary: M

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M

M2 AChR:

stands for type 2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M₂AChR); a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptor (GPCR); Connections Map Component -- Muscarinic type 2 acetylcholine receptor

mAChR:

stands for muscarinic acetylcholine receptor; a family of a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptors (GPCR)

MADS:

a gene family named for the yeast mating type-specific transcription factor MCM1, the plant homeotic genes agamous and deficiens, and the human serum response factor (SRF); Connections Map Components -- Myocite enhancer factor 2 | Serum response factor

Mal:

stands for MyD88-adaptor-like; also known as TIRAP; an adaptor; Connections Map Component -- TIRAP

MALDI:

stands for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization

MALP:

stands for macrophage-activating lipopeptide; an agonist of the Toll-like receptor 2

MALT:

stands for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; MALT1 is involved in activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF- κB) and is structurally related to caspases

MAP:

(1) stands for microtubule-associated protein; a protein that stabilizes microtubules; (2) stands for modulator of apoptosis, a proapoptotic protein similar to Ma1 and Ma2; Connections Map Components -- Modulator of apoptosis | Microtubule associated protein

MAPK:

stands for mitogen-activated protein kinase; (1) the superfamily of kinases including stress-activated protein kinases (also known as p38s), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs); (2) the p42 (also known as ERK1 or MAPK2) and p44 (also known as ERK2 or MAPK1) members of the MAPK superfamily; Connections Map Components -- p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase | p38delta mitogen-activated protein kinase | p38gamma mitogen-activated protein kinase | p38beta mitogen-activated protein kinase | p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase | Mitogen-activated protein kinase | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 | Extracellular signal regulated kinase 2 | c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 | c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 | c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 | p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase

MAPKAP-K:

stands for mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase; a family of serine-threonine protein kinases; Connections Map Components -- MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 | MAPKAP-K3

MAPKK:

stands for mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; a superfamily of dual specificity protein kinases; Connections Map Components -- Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 | Mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase | | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 |

MAPKKK:

stands for mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase; a superfamily of serine-threonine protein kinases; Connections Map Components -- c-Raf-1 (MAPKKK) | Mixed lineage kinase 1 | Leucine zipper kinase | Zipper sterile alpha motif kinase | Mixed lineage kinase(MLK)-like MAP triple kinase | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 | Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases | |

MAPPIT:

stands for mammalian protein-protein interaction trap; a method for identifying protein-protein interactions

MARCKS:

stands for myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate

MAT:

mammary tumor marker; MAT-8 (also known as FXYD3) is a tissue specific regulator of Na,K-ATPase

MAVS:

stands for mitochondrial antiviral signaling; an adaptor involved in responses to viral infection, also known as IPS-1, VISA, and CARDIF

Mbc:

stands for myoblast city, also known as DOCK180 in mammals, a Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor in Drosophila melanogaster ; Connections Map Component -- DOCK180

MBOAT:

stands for membrane-bound O-acyl transferase; a family of palmitoyl acyl transferases with 10 to 12 transmembrane domains that palmitoylate secreted proteins, such as Wnt, Hedgehog, and the Drosophila epidermal growth factor homolog Spitz

MbYTH:

stands for split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid system; a modified version of the yeast two-hybrid system that allows the detection of interactions of membrane proteins expressed in yeast

MCP:

stands for methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins or methylatable chemotaxis proteins; modulators of bacterial chemotaxis; Connections Map Component -- Chemokines

MCP-1:

stands for monocyte chemotactic protein-1; a chemokine; Connections Map Component -- Chemokines

MCSF:

stands for macrophage colony stimulating factor

MDA5:

stands for melanoma differentiation associated gene-5; a cytosolic DE/xDH RNA helicase with a CARD domain

MDCK cells:

stands for Madin Darby Canine kidney cells; a polarized immortalized epithelial cell line

Mdm2:

a RING-type ubiquitin protein ligase; Connections Map Component -- Murine double minute 2

MEF:

stands for (1) mouse embryo fibroblast; (2) myocyte-specific enhancer factor, a transcription factor; Connections Map Component -- Myocite enhancer factor 2

MEK:

stands for mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK); Connections Map Components -- Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 | Mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase | | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4

MEKK:

stands for mitogen or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK); Connections Map Components -- Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 |

MEL:

stands for murine erythroleukemia cells

mEPSC:

stands for miniature excitatory postsynaptic current; excitatory postsynaptic response to the release of a single quantum of neurotransmitter

Mfn:

stands for mitofusin; member of the dynamin family of large GTPases that is implicated in regulating changes in mitochondrial morphology

mGluR:

stands for metabotropic glutamate receptor; a family of G protein-coupled receptors that are stimulated by the amino acid L-glutamate

Mgm1:

stands for mitochondrial genome maintenance protein; member of the dynamin family of large GTPases that is implicated in regulation of mitochondrial morphology

MHC:

(1) stands for myosin heavy chain; a motor protein; (2) major histocompatibility complex, proteins that present antigens to immune cells; Connections Map Component -- Myosin heavy chain

MICA:

stands for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related chain A, a ligand for the receptor NKG2D, which is an activating receptor in natural killer cells and a costimulatory receptor for the T cell receptor in cytotoxic T cells

MICB:

stands for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related chain B, a ligand for the receptor NKG2D, which is an activating receptor in natural killer cells and a costimulatory receptor for the T cell receptor in cytotoxic T cells

MIM:

stands for missing-in-metastasis; an actin-binding scaffold protein

mIPSC:

stands for miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current; inhibitory postsynaptic response to the release of a single quantum of neurotransmitter

miRNA:

stands for microRNA; noncoding RNAs of 20 to 25 nucleotides that inhibit gene expression by blocking translation or by stimulating degradation of the mRNA

Miro:

stands for mitochondrial Rho; Rho-like GTPases found in mitochondria

MKP:

stands for mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase; a family of dual specificity protein phosphatases; Connections Map Components -- MAPK phosphatase 1 | MAPK phosphatase 2 | MAPK phosphatase 5 | MAPK phosphatase 4

MKP-1:

stands for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1; also known as CL100 and 3CH134; Connections Map Component -- MAPK phosphatase 1

MLCK:

stands for myosin light chain kinase; a serine-threonine protein kinase; Connections Map Component -- Myosin light chain kinase

MLK:

stands for mixed-lineage kinase; members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) superfamily; Connections Map Components -- Mixed lineage kinase 1 | Mixed lineage kinase(MLK)-like MAP triple kinase | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12 | Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 |

MLTK-alpha:

stands for mixed lineage triple kinase , a member of the mixed lineage kinase (MLK) family

MMP:

stands for matrix metalloproteinase; a large family of enzymes that cleave proteins of the extracellular matrix

MMTS:

stands for methyl methanethiosulfonate; a chemical that reacts with free SH groups

MNK:

stands for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinase; a serine-threonine protein kinase; Connections Map Component -- Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinase 1

MoLTR:

stands for Moloney murine leukemia virus long term repeat (LTR); a DNA sequence that enhances transcription

MOMP:

stands for mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization; a key step in the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis

MpMP:

stands for multipass membrane protease; also known as intramembranous cleaving proteases (ICliP); enzyme that cleaves transmembrane proteins within the membrane-spanning region

MPO:

stands for myeloperoxidase, an enzyme found in neutrophils that contributes to the respiratory burst

mRNA:

stands for messenger RNA; RNA that will be translated into protein

MS/MS:

tandem mass spectrometry

MSE:

stands for muscle-specific enhancer; RNA sequences that promote exon inclusion

MSK:

stands for mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase; members of the family of ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs); serine-threonine protein kinases; Connections Map Components -- Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 | Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 2

MTOC:

stands for microtubule-organizing center

mTOR:

stands for mammalian target of rapamycin; also known as FRAP; a serine-threonine protein kinase; Connections Map Component -- Target of rapamycin

mUB:

stands for monoubiquitin; covalent attachment of this conserved 76-amino-acid protein serves as a signaling-dependent mechanism for establishing networks of protein-protein interactions

mulibrey nan:

rare autosomal recessive condition affecting muscle, liver, brain, and eye; encoded by TEF3 (also known as MUL or TRIM37)

MuSK:

stands for muscle-specific kinase; a receptor-like tyrosine kinase

MVE:

stands for multivesicular endosome; formed from the budding off of invaginations of the limiting membrane of the endosome, which results in the accumulation of vesicles within the endosome

MyD88:

stands for myeloid differentiation marker 88; an adaptor in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway; Connections Map Component -- MyD88

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