Glossary: N

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N

N:

stands for N-terminal; amino-terminal; amino-terminus

N protein:

tobacco mosaic virus resistance factor; first member of the interleukin-1 receptor/ Toll-like receptor (IL1-R/TLR) superfamily identified in plants

N-WASP:

stands for neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein; one of a family of proteins that integrates various signals in pathways involving regulation of the actin cytoskeleton; not restricted to neural cells; Connections Map Components -- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome-like | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein

Na,K-ATPase:

stands for Na⁺- and K⁺-dependent adenosine triphosphatase; enzyme that maintains the Na⁺ and K⁺ gradients across the plasma membrane

nAChR:

stands for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, a cation-permeable ion channel activated by the endogenous ligand acetylcholine and the drug nicotine

NADH:

stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form); (1) pyridine nucleotide that functions as a hydrogen donor (NAPH) or acceptor (oxidized form NAD⁺); (2) a substrate enabling adenosine diphosphate ribosylation and used to make cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR), which regulates ryanodine receptor-mediated Ca²⁺ release

NADP:

stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form); (1) pyridine nucleotide that functions as a hydrogen donor (NADPH) or acceptor (oxidized form, NADP⁺); (2) a substrate used to make nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP⁺), which releases Ca²⁺ from intracellular stores

NANC:

stands for nonadrenergic, noncholinergic; a form of autonomic nervous transmission that regulates smooth muscle tension and does not involve adrenergic or cholinergic receptors

NARP:

stands for neuronal activity-related pentraxin; an immediate early gene that is regulated by synaptic early gene whose extracellular protein product is involved in AMPA receptor aggregation

ncRNA:

stands for noncoding RNA; any RNA that does not encode a protein

NCX:

stands for Na⁺-Ca²⁺-dependent exchanger; protein that exchanges Na⁺ for Ca²⁺ across the plasma membrane; the cardiac NCX is activated by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂)

ND10:

stands for nuclear dot; also known as promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML)-containing nuclear body, PML oncogenic domain (POD), or Kr body; spherical structure found in the cell nucleus

NE:

stands for norepinephrine; also known as noradrenaline; catecholamine neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system that activates adrenergic receptors

NEMO:

stands for nuclear factor-κB essential modulator; also known as IKKγ, Fip-3, or IKKAP; regulatory subunit comprising part of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex; Connections Map Components -- Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) essential modulator | A20

NES:

stands for nuclear export signal or sequence, an amino acid sequence that promotes transport of proteins out of the nucleus

NF-AT:

stands for nuclear factor of activated T cells; transcription factor implicated in T cell activation and various other signaling pathways; Connections Map Component -- Nuclear factor of activated T cells

NF-KAPPAB:

stands for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB); transcription factor involved in gene activation and which is frequently involved in inflammatory and immune responses; Connections Map Component -- Nuclear factor-kappaB

Nf1:

stands for Neurofibromatosis 1, a tumor suppressor gene that encodes neurofibromin

NFAT:

stands for nuclear factor of activated T cells, a transcription factor; Connections Map Component -- Nuclear factor of activated T cells

NGF:

stands for nerve growth factor; neurotrophin that supports the growth and survival of sympathetic neurons; Connections Map Component -- Nerve growth factor

NGFI-A:

stands for nerve growth factor-inducible protein A; a transcription factor

NICD:

stands for Notch intracellular domain; a fragment of the Notch receptor that is cleaved in response to ligand binding and that participates in signaling, including interacting with transcription factors to regulate gene expression

NIK:

(1) stands for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-inducing kinase; a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) that, when overexpressed, phosphorylates IκB kinase (IKK) and activates NF-κB; may play a role in the processing of NF-κB2 p100; (2) stands for Nck-interacting kinase; Ste20 kinase that binds the SH3 domains of the adaptor protein Nck and is involved in activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase

NLK:

stands for NEMO-like kinase; one of a family of vertebrate kinases related to the mitogen-activated protein kinases, the product of the Drosophila polarity gene nemo, and of the Caenorhabditis elegans gene LIT-1/NLK.; Connections Map Component -- NEMO-like kinase

NLR:

stands for nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-leucine-rich repeat (also known as NACHT-leucine-rich repeat) receptor; a type of pattern recognition receptor

NLS:

stands for nuclear localization signal; an amino acid sequences that allows proteins to be actively transported through nuclear pores into the nucleus

NMDA:

stands for N-methyl-D-aspartate; derivative of the excitatory amino acid glutamate; selectively activates and thereby defines a class of ionophoric glutamate receptors

NMJ:

stands for neuromuscular junction; the site of innervation of skeletal muscle

nNOS:

stands for neuronal nitric oxide synthase; neuronal isoform of NOS, the synthetic enzyme for the highly reactive gaseous messenger nitric oxide (NO)

NOD:

(1) stands for nucleotide oligomerization domain; (2) Nod, a bacterial factor involved in stimulating the formation of root nodules on plants; (3) Nod; a protein involved in inflammatory responses in the gut

NOR:

stands for nucleolar organizing regions; nucleolar bodies where processomes, the precursors of ribosomes, are transcribed and assembled

NOS:

stands for nitric oxide synthase; members of a family of synthetic enzymes for the highly reactive gaseous messenger nitric oxide

NOSIP:

stands for nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-interacting protein; mediates an indirect interaction between NOS and β-actin

NOSTRIN:

stands for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) traffic-inducing protein; mediates an indirect interaction between NOS and β-actin

NP1:

stands for neural pentraxin 1

NPC:

stands for nuclear pore complex; discrete passageways in the nuclear membrane that allow macromolecules to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

NPK1:

stands for Nicotiana protein kinase 1; a plant mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK)

NRG:

stands for neuregulin; a large family of proteins (secreted and membrane bound) that contribute to nervous system growth and development, the gene encoding neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) encodes at least 15 proteins through alternative splicing and alternative promoter use

NRON:

stands for noncoding repressor of NFAT; a noncoding RNA that inhibits the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)

NRP1, NRP2:

stands for neuropilin 1 and neuropilin 2, receptors for the class 3 semaphorins as well as for some forms of VEGF and related proteins

NRSE:

stands for neuron restrictive silencer element; a noncoding small double-stranded RNA that interacts with transcriptional regulators to allow activation of neuron-specific genes

NRSF:

stands for neuronal restricted silencing factor; a transcriptional repressor that prevents activation of neuron-specific genes

NSF:

stands for N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor; regulatory protein involved in membrane fusion events

NT-4/5:

stands for neurotrophin-4/5, a ligand that provides trophic support for neurons and that interacts with neurotrophin receptor p75^NTR

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