Glossary: R

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R

Rab:

small guanosine triphosphatase; member of the Rab subfamily of the Ras superfamily, which has been implicated in vesicle trafficking

Rac:

small guanosine triphosphatase; member of the Rho subfamily of the Ras superfamily, which has been implicated in regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell motility; Connections Map Component -- Rac GTPase

Raf:

a family of serine-threonine protein kinases of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) type that play a key role in growth factor signaling; Connections Map Components -- c-Raf-1 (MAPKKK) | B-Raf (MAPKKK) | A-Raf (MAPKKK)

RAIDD:

stands for RIP-associated ICH-1/CED-3 homologous protein with a death domain; an adaptor protein involved in the activation of caspases during apoptosis

RANKL:

stands for receptor activator of nuclear factor NF-κB ligand, a receptor that promotes differentiation of osteoclasts in bone

RANTES:

stands for regulated upon activation, normal T cell-expressed and -secreted; a chemokine

Rap-1:

small guanosine triphosphatase; member of the Ras subfamily of the Ras superfamily, which has been implicated in cell growth and the regulation of gene expression; Connections Map Components -- Rap1a GTPase | Rap1 GTPase

Ras:

small guanosine triphosphatase; the founding member of a superfamily of GTPases, which has been implicated in cell growth and the regulation of gene expression; Connections Map Components -- Ras GTPase | R-Ras

RAS:

stands for renin-angiotensin system; system whereby angiotensin II, and possibly other related peptides, is generated from angiotensinogen to regulate blood pressure

Ras-GRP:

stands for Ras guanine nucleotide-releasing proteins; a subfamily of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that activate Ras

rasiRNA:

stands for repeat-associated short-interfering RNA; small noncoding RNA that influences gene expression

Rasp:

a membrane-bound O-acyl transferase (MBOAT) type of palmitoyl acyl transferase in Drosophila; palmitoylates the ligands of the Hedgehog family

RBP-J:

stands for recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless

Rev-erb-alpha:

an orphan nuclear receptor; Connections Map Component -- Rev-Erb-alpha

RGS:

stands for regulator of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) signaling; family of proteins that accelerate the guanosine triphosphatase activity of G_q and G_i; Connections Map Component -- Regulator of G protein signaling

Rho:

small guanosine triphosphatase; member of the Rho subfamily of the Ras superfamily, which has been implicated in regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell motility; Connections Map Components -- p190-B Rho GTPase activating protein | RhoA GTPase | Rho GTPase

RHR:

stands for Rel homology region; a conserved domain that mediates DNA binding domain, dimerization, and interaction with regulatory proteins found in several transcription factors, including NFAT and members of the NF-κB family

RIC:

(1) stands for related to ion channel; also known as FXYD5; mammalian protein, member of the FXYD family; (2) stands for Rop-interactive CRIB motif containing proteins; family of plant proteins that interact with the Rop guanosine triphosphatase

RICK:

stands for RIP-like interacting CLARP kinase; caspase recruitment domain-containing kinase

Rif:

stands for Rho in filopodia; a small guanosine triphosphatase

RIG-1:

stands for retinoic acid-induced gene 1, a multidomain protein, containing a RNA helicase domain and a CARD domain, that is implicated in antiviral responses

RING:

stands for really interesting new gene; zinc binding domain found in many E3 ubiquitin ligases

RIP:

(1) stands for regulated intramembraneous proteolysis; process whereby transmembrane proteins are protolytically cleaved to release a soluble signaling domain; (2) stands for receptor-interacting protein; serine-threonine protein kinase adaptor protein containing a death domain at the C terminus; (3) stands for Ras-interacting protein; Connections Map Component -- Receptor interacting protein

RLC:

stands for regulatory light chain; regulatory subunit of myosin; Connections Map Component -- Myosine regulatory light chain

RNAi:

stands for RNA interference; a method for inhibiting the production of proteins by blocking protein expression with complementary RNA sequences; a sequence-specific gene silencing technology

RNP:

stands for ribonucleoprotein; RNA binding protein; Connections Map Component -- Ribonucleoprotein K

Robo:

stands for roundabout; neuronal receptor implicated in axon guidance during development

ROCK:

stands for Rho-associated kinase; also known as Rho kinase; serine-threonine kinase downstream of Rho; Connections Map Component -- Rho kinase

Rok:

stands for Rho-associated kinase (also abbreviated ROCK and known as Rho-dependent kinase); a RhoA-activated Rho kinase; Connections Map Component -- Rho kinase

ROMK:

an epithelial inward rectifier potassium channel

ROR-gammat:

stands for retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ-T; a transcription factor

ROR2:

stands for receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2; a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates Wnt signaling

RORCvar2:

stands for retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor C variant 2 (RORC_var2), a human ortholog of the mouse transcription factor ROR-γt

ROS:

stands for reactive oxygen species; highly active oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide or superoxide; Connections Map Component -- Reactive oxygen species

RPTP:

stands for receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase; family of transmembrane tyrosine phosphatases

RRM:

stands for RNA recognition motif; amino acid domains involved in RNA binding

RSK:

stands for ribosomal S6 kinase; also known as p90-RSK, Hu-2, MAPKAPK; family of growth-factor regulated serine-threonine kinases; Connections Map Components -- Ribosomal protein S6 kinase | pp90 ribosomal S6 kinase

RSK2:

a specific member of the ribosomal S6 kinase family or serine-threonine kinases; Connections Map Component -- pp90 ribosomal S6 kinase

RTK:

stands for receptor tyrosine kinase; family of transmembrane protein tyrosine kinases that mediate the response to growth factors; Connections Map Component -- Receptor tyrosine protein kinase

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