NEUROSCIENCE
Glial cells contribute to pain
Activation of spinal glial cells induces long-term potentiation at specific synapses that spreads widely in spinal pain-sensing pathways.
M. T. Kronschläger, R. Drdla-Schutting, M. Gassner, S. D. Honsek, H. L. Teuchmann, J. Sandkühler, Gliogenic LTP spreads widely in nociceptive pathways. Science 354, 1144–1148 (2016). [Abstract]
IMMUNOLOGY
How to maintain hematopoietic stem cells
Hematopoietic stem cell maintenance requires the amino acid valine.
Y. Taya, Y. Ota, A. C. Wilkinson, A. Kanazawa, H. Watarai, M. Kasai, H. Nakauchi, S. Yamazaki, Depleting dietary valine permits nonmyeloablative mouse hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Science 354, 1152–1155 (2016). [Abstract]
K. Ito, R. Turcotte, J. Cui, S. E. Zimmerman, S. Pinho, T. Mizoguchi, F. Arai, J. M. Runnels, C. Alt, J. Teruya-Feldstein, J. C. Mar, R. Singh, T. Suda, C. P. Lin, P. S. Frenette, K. Ito, Self-renewal of a purified Tie2+ hematopoietic stem cell population relies on mitochondrial clearance. Science 354, 1156–1160 (2016). [Abstract]
P. Sommerkamp, A. Trumpp, Metabolic cues for hematopoietic stem cells. Science 354, 1103–1104 (2016). [Abstract]
The epigenetics of exhaustion
Epigenetic profiling suggests that exhausted T cells are a distinct cell lineage.
K. E. Pauken, M. A. Sammons, P. M. Odorizzi, S. Manne, J. Godec, O. Khan, A. M. Drake, Z. Chen, D. R. Sen, M. Kurachi, R. A. Barnitz, C. Bartman, B. Bengsch, A. C. Huang, J. M. Schenkel, G. Vahedi, W. N. Haining, S. L. Berger, E. J. Wherry, Epigenetic stability of exhausted T cells limits durability of reinvigoration by PD-1 blockade. Science 354, 1160–1165 (2016). [Abstract]
D. R. Sen, J. Kaminski, R. A. Barnitz, M. Kurachi, U. Gerdemann, K. B. Yates, H.-W. Tsao, J. Godec, M. W. LaFleur, F. D. Brown, P. Tonnerre, R. T. Chung, D. C. Tully, T. M. Allen, N. Frahm, G. M. Lauer, E. J. Wherry, N. Yosef, W. N. Haining. The epigenetic landscape of T cell exhaustion. Science 354, 1165–1169 (2016). [Abstract]
S. J. Turner, B. E. Russ, Can T cells be too exhausted to fight back? Science 354, 1104–1105 (2016). [Abstract]
Shared logic in diverse immune systems
Hair-trigger pathogen detection molecules form the foundation of innate immune systems in both plants and animals.
J. D. G. Jones, R. E. Vance, J. L. Dangl, Intracellular innate immune surveillance devices in plants and animals. Science 354, aaf6395 (2016). [Abstract]
