RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 The Yin and Yang of Signaling in Tregs and TH17 Cells JF Science Signaling JO Sci. Signal. FD American Association for the Advancement of Science SP mr4 OP mr4 DO 10.1126/scisignal.2001709 VO 4 IS 165 A1 Pan, Fan A1 Fan, Huimin A1 Lu, Ling A1 Liu, Zhongmin A1 Jiang, Shuiping YR 2011 UL http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/4/165/mr4.abstract AB A report on the Second International Conference on Regulatory T Cells and TH17 Cells and Clinical Application in Human Diseases: “China Tregs/Th17 2010 Shanghai Conference,” Shanghai, China, 17 to 20 July 2010. Substantial advances in our understanding of the developmental and functional relationship between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 (TH17) cells and their potential clinical applications have been made. In response to these breakthroughs, the second international conference entitled “China Tregs/Th17 2010 Shanghai Conference,” held in Shanghai, China, was dedicated to this topic. Various types of Tregs and TH17 cells, as well as their relevant cytokines, were discussed. Here, we summarize some of the findings shared at the conference, specifically focusing on the biology of TH17 cells, including interleukin-17 (IL-17)–producing innate cells, Tregs, and the factors that control the critical balance between Tregs and cells of the TH17 lineage.